tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82374524044737974712024-02-07T22:20:51.987-08:00Climate4KidsWelcome to planet Earth!
Learn about our wonderful planet and its ever changing climateTAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.comBlogger41125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-16738729130281056642021-03-12T12:44:00.000-08:002019-10-24T09:36:25.382-07:00Earth's climate puzzle<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #5e11a6; font-family: "marker felt"; font-size: 40pt;">Earth's
climate and weather can be a real puzzle!</span></div>
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how weather works and many more wonders of planet earth. </span></span></span>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-1913738276707075222020-02-18T12:08:00.001-08:002020-02-18T12:08:20.521-08:00 TALES OF WOE THAT ARE 100% FALSE<div style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; min-height: 27px; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue;">African locust outbreak (it's real and it's normal)</span><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Is the locust outbreak in Aftrica really “biblical” and “the worst”?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Lately, there have been the “headlines of doom” concerning the locust plague in Africa. The melodrama in the headlines is enough to make a rational, thinking person scream:</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Africa locust plague worst infestation in decades: ‘Even cows are wondering what is happening’</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">FoxNews Jan 28, 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Why today's biblical locust swarms can't be stopped </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Mashable Jan 2020</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">It is probably true that this is one of the worst infestation in decades, if you count two as “decades” which is technically correct. However, it implies a much longer time, which is highly dishonest. How common are locust plagues?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">'HISTORICAL' PLAGUES OF LOCUSTS, GRASSHOPPERS HIT AFRICA PLAINS</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">SunSentinal July 1986</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Argentina Is Preparing For The Worst Locust Swarm In 60 Years</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">ATI February 5, 2018</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Famine-ravaged Ethiopia invaded by locust swarm </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">June 6, 1978 NYT</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">In Africa, when it rains, it swarms</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">CSM October 14, 2004</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Just a quick search for locusts plagues on the internet yielded four headlines from 1978 to 2018 on two different continents. Australia has also seen plagues of locust. That’s not really looking rare or out of the ordinary. The headlines are for melodrama and to frighten people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Maybe this invasion is bigger and badder?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">“Swarms of Desert Locust have been recorded somewhere or other in every year since 1860 (</span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Rainey 1963</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">); however, the longest plague period lasted from 1950-1962, and during this period the largest swarm was recorded. </span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Rainey (1954)</span><span style="font-kerning: none;"> calculated that of a well-packed swarm observed in East Africa contained 50 million locusts per km<sup>2</sup>. At such rates, a swarm of 100km<sup>2</sup> could contain over 5×10<sup>9</sup> locusts, but not all would be flying at once. Often some will settle while others take off, so that the swarm, however uniform it looks at any moment, is really progressing in a rolling motion with one part constantly replacing the other in the air as the whole body of the swarm moves forward (</span><span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Baron 1972</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">).”</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">“Now consider that in the last century alone, there were seven periods of numerous plagues, the longest of which lasted intermittently for 13 years.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">earthobservatory.nasa.org</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Looks pretty bad for those 12 and 13 years. Much more serious than the “historic plagues” headlined above. Seems it’s not the biggest, baddest of all. Just a “typical” plague. This is not to diminish the reality of the damage these plagues do, but in reality, they are quite common. Dealing with them is a way of life, even if it’s a rather unsuccessful one at times. It’s part of the natural world. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The locust invasions occur in South America, Africa, Australia, Europe, China—everywhere except North America and Antarctica. There are varying ways to deal with these pests. They are edible and considering the damage they do to crops, methods of drying and freeze-drying of the insects can be quite useful for later consumption. While many people have an aversion to eating insects, when confronted with reduced food supplies and crop-gobbling locusts, that aversion can be overcome. There are various ways to prepare the locust—dried, fried, chocolate-covered, breaded. One can often make flour out of dried insects. This will not remove large quantities of locust, but may help with famine later on. Pesticides also work, but are limited in their value due to the huge number of locusts. One must kill the locust without poisoning everything else in the area. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The invasions one reads about are mostly desert locust. It is interesting to note that in the 1800’s, North America did have swarms of locust—the Rocky Mountain locust, now extinct. There is considerable in what caused the mass extinctions. This happened very quickly, going from swarms of locust to extinction in approximately 30 years. Further study is warranted on what happened and if the situation can be created artificially, thus ridding many areas of locust plagues. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">(There are still grasshoppers in North America and many other places. Locust are a special type of grasshopper and they form swarms. Grasshoppers generally live on the ground, flying only when moving from one plant or area to another.)</span></div>
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Wyoming grasshoppers in an "up" year </div>
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They don't swarm, but they are annoying</div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="color: blue;">The abject misnaming of ocean acidification:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">I have been reading headlines about ocean acidification being so strong it is corroding the shells of crab larvae. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">This is what science denial looks like</span><span style="font-kerning: none;">. We have the discussed the ocean issue—scientifically referred to as ‘LESS ALKALINE” never acidic. The pH scale above 7 is ALKALI. The ocean runs about 8.3. Therefore, calling the phenomena acidic is denial of actual established science. Repeat that to yourselves often. Scientists do misrepresent facts and terms when money is involved, the press lies as a matter of standard practice. One should run run run from any source that uses this completely inaccurate term “acidic” to try and scare people into believing warming is harming the planet. It is pure propaganda. Science has been severely damaged by the complete dishonesty and denial of basic science that results from the need to push the AGW fake science. One should be very concerned about the effect the political and monetary groups are having on science. At this point, it’s not really trustworthy in many areas, which makes us regressing to the stone age shamans and seers. He who is flashy enough or loud enough or tells the best tale wins. We all lose. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">How does this happen—the lie of acidification and scientists pushing it? It sells as a headline. Sadly, people love doom and gloom and rarely try to learn the truth and the real science. There were only 50 specimens from 10 environments in the actual study. The lowest pH used in the water tanks was 7.48 still alkali, approaching a neutral solution. There were other serious problems within the study quoted: in situ, meaning done in the lab, so the crab larvae cannot move about freely as crabs do in the ocean. Crabs move through many pH levels so confining them to one level immediately negates the usefulness of the data. If researchers must use tanks, the pH should vary over the life of the experiment, which may not yield the desired answers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The researchers were measuring tiny changes and failing to allow the crabs to mature (because they dissected the larvae). There really is no way to know if the changes at the larval stage carry to adulthood. The most interesting item, however, the scientists dissolved the layer of shell (</span><span style="background-color: white; font-kerning: none;">carapace epicuticle) </span><span style="font-kerning: none;">they needed removed to examine a layer beneath it (that layer is what they were gauging damage by) using 6% sodium hypochlorite, which is basically bleach and has a pH of around 11. Yes, 11, making it very alkali, NOT acidic, and it dissolved the carapace. It seems interesting that there is a claim that a less alkali ocean will harm shells when MORE alkali does indeed dissolve them and the researchers clearly showed this.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Why do scientists say the acidic ocean is harming the crabs? Because saying the ocean water is becoming more neutral, which is the scientifically accurate state, not a falsehood like the term “acidic” is, and may be harming crabs just does not sell like “ACIDIC OCEAN DISSOLVING CRAB SHELLS” does. The scientific illiteracy of people reading the headlines and the desire for a doomsday scenario makes the use of the word “acidic” very effective. Totally unscientific, but very effective in frightening the public.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Remember that the ocean pH varies from place to place, creatures move freely in the ocean (except coral) and that changes in shells and habitats are 100% natural and have always occurred. Humans do affect the ocean through fishing, using it as trash dumpster, crossing it in ships, etc, but since humans are part of the ecology such affects are not different from what any other species on the planet cause as changes. Humans are just aware of the changes and have the capacity to exploit those changes for selfish and often very wrong reasons. </span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">See these past posts for more on ocean pH changes:</span></div>
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<a href="http://climate4kids.blogspot.com/2014/07/ocean-acidification-part-one-acids-and.html">climate4kids.blogspot.com/2014/07/ocean-acidification-part-one-acids-and.html</a><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://climate4kids.blogspot.com/2014/07/ocean-acidification-part-2-should-we-be.html"><span style="color: blue;">ocean-acidification-part-2-should-we-be.html</span></a></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-91440763975076597362019-12-11T09:40:00.000-08:002019-12-11T09:43:52.106-08:00A CRUEL AWARD<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="color: #222222;">St. Greta was named “person of the year” by Time magazine.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">This is honoring a </span><b style="color: #222222;">child</b><span style="color: #222222;"> that skipped school, and scowls at everyone over something she apparently lacks the intellectual capacity to understand.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">She shoves the IPCC document in questioner’s faces and yet appears unable to </span><span style="color: #222222;">explain any of the science.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Greta may have read the political part of the report (or not), but I seriously doubt she can even begin to understand any of the hundreds of pages of science studies that are supposed to be the foundation of the report.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Think about this—Greta is rewarded for taking away </span><b style="color: #222222;">your</b><span style="color: #222222;"> childhood, depriving </span><b style="color: #222222;">you</b><span style="color: #222222;"> of your education and</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><b style="color: #222222;">bullying</b><span style="color: #222222;"> people who do not agree with her.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Honestly, she behaves as one that hates humanity, not loves it.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Greta wants your life to be sad, empty and without hope.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">She wants you to be uneducated.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">She wants you bullying everyone who disagrees with you.</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">WHY?????</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Why would any rational person wish that hell on future generations?</span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;">Why would Greta despise you so much she </span><b style="color: #222222;">steals your childhood? </b><span style="color: #222222;">Why?</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Being honored for bullying and trying to destroy the childhoods of others is what Time magazine is praising. This is the insanity that the climate change propaganda politicians push. DON’T FALL FOR IT. </span></div>
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The world is not in more danger from weather/climate than it ever was. The climate has not changed significantly in well over a century. Humans <b>cannot </b>stop hurricanes or tornadoes or blizzards or heatwaves. What humans can do is adapt and thrive. So be part of the adaptable human race and don't cower in fear over a truant child honored for dishonoring the human race. Learn the truth and take back/keep your lives and your futures.</div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-63570378365254046432019-12-08T09:49:00.000-08:002019-12-08T09:49:42.547-08:00A very informative video<span style="color: #4c1130; font-size: x-large;">Greta Thunberg had been making quite a splash, scowling at adults and politicians and claiming they "stole her childhood". There are many problems with Greta, but for now, I am going to link to a site with a video from another teen who is not being crowned queen of the world like Greta and never will be because she doesn't shout the "proper climate attitude". Yet, she makes very compelling points about the hysteria that IS destroying childhoods, through fear and terror of having no future. The link goes to a "skeptic site" and can also be accessed on YouTube. It's definitely worth listening to as the speaker makes excellent points. She is reading from notes and doing this in front of her PC, not the latest climate conference. </span><br />
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<a href="https://wattsupwiththat.com/2019/12/04/the-anti-greta/"><span style="font-size: x-large;">https://wattsupwiththat.com/2019/12/04/the-anti-greta/</span></a><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #38761d; font-size: x-large;">If you want to comment, that is great. However, remember that comments are limited to addressing the science and attacks on the speaker or their presentation will not be approved. If you disagree, state what you disagree with and why, in detail. Thank you for adhering to this rule.</span></span><br />
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<br />TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-85756103454121427492019-10-24T10:11:00.001-07:002019-10-24T10:11:18.124-07:00It's not a Climate Emergency<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>As this blog has discussed before, NO ONE CAN PREDICT THE FUTURE. No one. Not the psychic you may see on television, the person reading tarot cards, no one. Not the people who write apocalyptic books like "The Population Bomb" (totally discredited now), no scientist and no computer. People can speculate and occasionally guess right, but never reliably. Which makes all this "climate emergency" completely bogus. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>In all fairness, most of the climate hysteria is spread by politicians, a group not known for their interest in facts or science nor much of anything but power. Scientists make "projections", which differ from "predictions" in that projections are only valid if every single assumption and input are true. Even if conditions do match, the assumption of where the circumstances lead can be very, very wrong. In reality, there is very little difference between projections and predictions, but one sees some entities using the "projection" label to avoid explaining why they missed the mark so far with their future prediction. Most scientist would not say we have only 10 or 12 years or so to save the planet. However, politicians could not care less if the prediction is true or not, as long as the statement serves their purposes.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>I'm not sure where the timeline originated. An American freshman congressperson may have started the recent hysteria and everyone just jumped on the bandwagon. There have been many such predictions in the past:</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>1988: Maldive Islands will Be Underwater by 2018 (they’re not)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>1989: Rising Sea Levels will Obliterate Nations if Nothing Done by 2000 (they did not)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>1989: New York City’s West Side Highway Underwater by 2019 (it’s not)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2000: Children Won’t Know what Snow Is (Obviously, many do know what a HUGE amount of snow is)</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2002: Famine In 10 Years If We Don’t Give Up Eating Fish, Meat, and Dairy</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2008: Arctic will Be Ice Free by 2018</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2008: Climate Genius Al Gore Predicts Ice-Free Arctic by 2013</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2009: Climate Genius Prince Charles Says we Have 96 Months to Save World</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2009: UK Prime Minister Says 50 Days to ‘Save The Planet From Catastrophe’</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2009: Climate Genius Al Gore Moves 2013 Prediction of Ice-Free Arctic to 2014</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2013: Arctic Ice-Free by 2015</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>2014: Only 500 Days Before ‘Climate Chaos’</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.mining.com/the-world-is-not-running-out-of-natural-resources/" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">1970</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: World Will Use Up All its Natural Resources</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/weve-been-incorrectly-predicting-peak-oil-for-over-a-ce-1668986354" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">1966</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Oil Gone in Ten Years</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/weve-been-incorrectly-predicting-peak-oil-for-over-a-ce-1668986354" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">1972</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Oil Depleted in 20 Years</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/weve-been-incorrectly-predicting-peak-oil-for-over-a-ce-1668986354" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">1977</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Department of Energy Says Oil will Peak in 90s</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/weve-been-incorrectly-predicting-peak-oil-for-over-a-ce-1668986354" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">1980</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Peak Oil In 2000</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>1996: Peak Oil in 2020</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/weve-been-incorrectly-predicting-peak-oil-for-over-a-ce-1668986354" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">2002</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Peak Oil in 2010</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2015/06/01/media-fail-no-major-hurricanes-in-9-years/"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">2006</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Super Hurricanes! (No, again. Al Gore made that up. There is no such thing.)</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/scott-whitlock/2015/06/12/flashback-abcs-08-prediction-nyc-under-water-climate-change-june" target="_blank"><span style="color: green;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">2005</span></span></span></a><span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive;">: Manhattan Underwater by 2015</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>None, of course, have come true and there is zero reason to think current predictions will either, with the occasional lucky guess. All this is scare tactics.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>Sadly, children are very often the targets of such fear tactics. There are reports of children having nightmares about climate change. Yet, it's all fabricated fear. The 2° rise the IPCC set as a limit? As far as one can tell, they pulled the number out of thin air. They have zero evidence that a two-degree rise in a "global average" can cause catastrophic warming. Sea level rise is not increasing, the ocean is not acidifying. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>Could things get worse? Sure. There's no way to know. Things have an equal probably of getting better or not changing much at all. Things could get better or worse due to many factors that have nothing to do with CO2 or human beings. History is full of foolish, evil and wrong things humans did to themselves without involving nature. Gullibility and apathy are can kill or make one's life very, very depressing. Fight these, not an invisible, mathematically created enemy. </b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>There is no reason to fear future climate, to skip school to protest (learning is what the job of a child is, not protesting), none of those things. Few things steal the future: death, illness and malevolent governments do. Climate cannot steal the future. It can only require adaptations.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>The proper response is to learn as much about living and dealing with reality as much as possible. Humans have adapted to many different environments for centuries. There's no reason humans can't continue to unless they <i>chose to fail</i>. Let's not choose to throw away the future on the ridiculous fear-mongering of the global warming politics.</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "comic sans ms" , cursive; font-size: large;"><b>A word on the deification of Greta: If ever there was PROOF beyond a doubt that global warming is nothing but politics and religion, the Church of Sweden has declared Greta "the successor to Jesus Christ". First there is no successor to Jesus Christ. That's absolutely fictitious. Second, this is RELIGION, pure and simple. It is NOT about science at all, no matter how many times the Greta one may pretend to believe that or repeat the lie that it is science. Now, if you want to swear allegiance to a religion dead set on destroying humanity and your futures, that is your choice. However, please do not try and blame science for "stealing your childhood". Adults stole your childhood and you went along with the lie of global warming out of religious or political need, NOT because you're scientific. Please do not blame the thinking, scientific people for your despair. While living miserably never really made sense, humans do have that choice. One would hope you would choose to enjoy the wonderful, incredible times in which you live and celebrate humanity, rather than cower in fear.</b></span></span></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-38510926026658612072019-08-04T15:38:00.000-07:002019-08-04T15:38:41.335-07:00Glaciers and incorrect global warming predictions<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Glacier National Park in Montana (USA) has been removing its signs that said the glaciers would be gone by 2020. It's 2019 and there are still several glaciers there to see. Some reports now say there will be no glaciers by 2030 or thereafter. Within in the next 10 to 50 years is now the most cited number. Considering the signs were stating quite clearly that by 2020, the glaciers would be gone, there would seem to be problem with the entire ability of scientists to accurately predict the future. It's very possible there will be plenty of glaciers in 2030 and far into the future. There's really no way to know. This is a perfect example of over-certainty in science and why all scientific predictions based on statistics and modeling should be regarded as very possibly wrong. (Additional note: The prediction of 2030 was changed to 2020 in 2009 because things were happening faster than projected. There were <b>double </b>mistakes made in these projections.)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">There are other glaciers in the Rocky Mountains that are larger than those in Glacier National Park and mountain areas where there are more glaciers. However, many require hiking in for miles to observe up close. Also, there is a commercial component to the glaciers in Glacier National Park, making them the focus of many melting glacier discussions. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">So what is a glacier and should we be worried when they melt? A glacier is a mass of ice that moves under its own weight. Generally, that requires it be approximately 100 feet thick. Also, a glacier must cover at least 25 acres (for those who live in the city, this is 5 to 12 blocks, depending on the size of the block. Blocks are from between 2 and 5 acres per block.) It seems a rather small size, that 25 acres, for a glacier, but that is the definition. The small size may account for why many glaciers are not very permanent. Larger ones would be longer lasting.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">There does not exist a complete listing of glaciers. Until satellites came into being, the only way to find a glacier was to physically go there. Needless to say, this was no small task. Glaciers outside the two poles tend to be in the high elevations where access is very difficult. Satellites made it possible to get a much clearer picture of the number of glacier out there. Satellite mapping of glaciers is not a perfected technology. Snow can be read as a glacier and you need evidence of movement of the snow/ice to distinguish between a glacier and not just snowpack. Still, it's better than having to reach all the glaciers in person. There are nearly 200,000 glaciers in the world currently--those that are mapped and known at this time.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Melting glaciers are of concern mostly because they are of value for fresh water. Many places depend on the glacier melt for water. So what happens when the glaciers are gone? One supposes the same thing that happened when people's other water supplies dried up. They either found new sources in the areas or migrated to a place where there was water. While we now seem to fear the "end of the water", this was actually very, very common throughout all of mankind's and the earth's history. The modern world has ways of moving water from one location to another via pipelines, water tankers, etc. Bottled water has been trucked into cities that lose their water supply temporarily due to natural disasters. There is also desalination. While it requires a fair amount of energy and is quite expensive, it can and does provide water to many locations. The Middle East and desert areas are the major uses, plus areas that have concentrations of humans high enough to exceed local water supplies and are close enough to the ocean.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Glaciers also have a commercial value for tourism. National Parks and mountain ranges worldwide have people come to see the glaciers and to study them. If the glaciers disappear, then the focus of the tourism would have to change. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Those who study global warming have tended to use the glaciers as a measure of the seriousness and rate of change due to human-caused warming. There appears to be little justification for this other than glaciers are visible and fascinating, which draws people to any narrative about changes in them and the possible loss of the glaciers. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Temperature is not the sole factor in the formation of glaciers. It does have to remain cold enough for the snow to remain pretty much year round in order to compact into ice and then a glacier, but there also has to be sufficient snow to build upon the foundation and cause the glacier to grow or at least maintain size. Especially dry, but cold years, result in the glacier not growing. Additionally, wind can melt a glacier even when there are cold temperatures. It's not uncommon to see water on top of ice on a cold winter day due to the wind. Abrasion can also cause melting, as can particles of dust and other materials on the surface. The dust causes the surface of the glacier to darken and thus warm more than it would without the dust, and can result in more rapid melting. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">How serious is it that glaciers are melting? It depends on the concern. Economically, it may be of great concern. The need for easily obtained water may cause great concern. Do the glaciers indicate the rate of planetary warming? Considering how many times the dates for when all the glaciers will be gone has changed and changed, if they do, we have no clue as to what rate of warming correlates to how much glaciers melt. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Perhaps most interesting, is that as glaciers melt, artifacts from past civilizations and warmer climates with trees are found. A whole new field of study, glacial archeology, has developed. While there is often a reference to climate change making this possible, logically, the climate changed multiple times in the recent past or the artifacts would not be there. It was warm when the artifacts were laid down. This was before human beings started emitting CO2 at a high level. Thus, there is a contradiction in the theory of CO2 driving the melting of glaciers. There are many things that need to be understood, studied and worked out before any science about climate is even marginally close to settled. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Glaciers are fascinating natural phenomena. How they change, form and melt is worth studying to help us understand more of our world. It's far too soon to even pretend we understand and predict climate, weather or most anything based on a shrinking glacier.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">This is an example of the the obsession with CO2 and human-caused warming crossing over to very nearly a religion. It brought to mind the worship of nature, including sacrifices to weather and sun gods. Glaciers melt. There is nothing magical or special in 2019 that changes this. A sign marking the first human-cased demise of a natural event is ridiculous. It's not rational to mourn the way nature works nor commemorate what amounts to a fictitious event. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">This glacier is atop a volcano in Iceland. It has not grown since 2003. However, as noted in this posting, other things cause glaciers to stop growing or wither, other than increased temperature. If no snow falls, the glacier will begin to sublimate and shrink. It's a delicate balance and completely natural. When you see signs like this one in Iceland in the news, remember the twice wrong projections concerning Glacier National Park. </span></span></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-61505459435025453752019-06-06T13:23:00.000-07:002019-06-06T13:23:29.927-07:00CONTEST<div style="font-family: Garamond; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">I am posting this because the contest Jim Steele is presenting is an excellent exercise in true scientific thought (as a contest with a prize). I have addressed some of his points—especially the improper “Argument from Authority”. It’s worth thinking through the requirements and seeing if you can come up with a truly scientific defense of global warming/climate change, not the usual angry insults and indignation often seen in discussions of climate change. </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b>From </b></span><b><a href="http://landscapesandcycles.net/-1000-student-climate-award.html">http://landscapesandcycles.net/-1000-student-climate-award.html</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>The $1000 Student Climate Challenge Award</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Currently children are being asked to lead a political charge for “climate change action”. Climate is very complex, and most adults have a very poor understanding of all the factors affecting climate change. Thus, many people believe our children must have a far inferior understanding of climate change and are just being used as pawns in the politics of climate change. Many adults see student strikes as silly political theater, not validation of any climate theory or proof of an impending climate crisis.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>But perhaps I underestimate the knowledge and intelligence of our student “climate strikers”. So, I am offering a $1000 award to the student who unequivocally outlines why 1) rising concentrations of CO2 are the cause of recent climate change, and 2) why that change is catastrophic.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>I warn participants, I devoted my whole professional career towards scientific research and education that promotes wise environmental stewardship. Nonetheless I became a climate skeptic. I observed too many people eager to blame climate change for environmental problems that were caused by other factors and had real remedies. So, I suspect no adult, never mind a child, can meaningfully determine that recent weather or recent changes in a species abundance have been driven by rising greenhouse gases.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>But you may prove me wrong.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Furthermore, to encourage good scientific thinking, if there is no winner in this climate challenge, I will still guarantee a $500 “runner-up” prize to the student who demonstrates the best scientific thinking, even if their conclusions are wrong.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;"><b>Here are the requirements:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>1. <i>The student must be 21 years or younger.</i> Nonetheless I encourage each student to discuss climate change with your parents, teachers and friends as well as contacting scientists.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>2. <i>The student must email their arguments in a document that is no larger than 5000 words</i>. They must state their name and age and type “The $1000 Student Climate Challenge Award” in the subject line. Email the document by December 1, 2019 to naturalclimatechange@earthlink.net.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>3. <i>The student must use the foundation of scientific inquiry, the “null hypothesis”.</i> In other words, the student must show that current weather/climate reflects a change that exceeds natural climate change. That requires choosing the appropriate time frames for discussion.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>4. <i>Students must go beyond simple correlations.</i> Correlation is not causation. Although CO2 concentrations are higher today than they were 200 years ago, higher concentrations are not evidence of causation.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>5. <i>Students must address relevant alternative hypotheses.</i> For example, why is Arctic warming the result of CO2 warming and not the result of natural oscillations that drive warmer waters into the Arctic?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>6. <i>Students must address why warming is catastrophic.</i> If warming is caused by rising CO2, why would a longer growing season be catastrophic? Or if there is less sea ice why would the resulting increase in photosynthesis be catastrophic? Or what is the evidence of a trend in larger or more tornados?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>7. <i>Consensus is not evidence.</i> Consensus is merely political theater. Arguments must be based on evidence. Politically motivated scientists tried to refute Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity using a “consensus” argument and writing “100 Authors Against Einstein”. The consensus was still wrong.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>8. <i>Avoid arguments from authority. </i>As Carl Sagan wisely advised “arguments from authority carry little weight - authorities have made mistakes in the past.” For example, John Muir’s ideas were published in popular papers and magazines regards the formation of Yosemite Valley by glaciers. The geological authority from Harvard, Josiah Whitney, suggested otherwise and tried to smear Muir as just an “ignorant shepherd”. But Muir was mostly correct! Likewise, I warn that using the word “denier” will not make your arguments more correct.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>9. S<i>tudents can enter as many times as they want.</i> You may want to change your arguments when new information comes to light. Simply note that your new entry replaces your last.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>As student essays roll in, I will periodically report in my What’s Natural newspaper column, and on my landscapesandcycles.net blog, regards failed common arguments and why it will disqualify your essay from the award. That will allow every student to improve their argument and re-submit.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>I wish every student the best and hope their sincere essays will promote better scientific discourse and understanding.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Sincerely Jim Steele</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b><span style="color: #3d85c6;">If you have questions, please go to Jim's website. Thank you!</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #3d85c6;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(61, 133, 198);"><b>You may comment on the contest here if you wish.</b></span></span></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-22634543478458585982019-04-11T10:49:00.001-07:002019-04-11T10:50:34.277-07:00What is Climate? Does it matter?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: #20124d; font-family: "chalkboard"; font-size: medium;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: x-large;">These are some definitions of climate I have gathered:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">Weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;"> "our cold, wet climate" · </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">A region with particular prevailing weather conditions.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> "vacationing in a warm climate"</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">Climate is the statistical average of prevailing meteorological conditions. It is always regional and applies over a given period of time. The most common climate variables are temperature, precipitation and wind pressure. On Earth, the climate depends on a region’s latitude, altitude, topography, vegetation and proximity to the oceans. Extraterrestrial forces that influence climate include the orbit of the Earth and planets around the Sun, and variations in the Sun’s intensity.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "chalkboard"; font-size: x-large;"><b>Climate: </b>definition, the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "chalkboard"; font-size: medium;">Climate is the average weather usually taken over a 30-year time period for a particular region and time period. Climate is not the same as weather, but rather, it is the average pattern of weather for a particular region. Weather describes the short-term state of the atmosphere.</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "chalkboard"; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: purple; font-size: x-large;">Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time. It is measured by assessing the patterns of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a given region over long periods of time. Climate differs from weather, in that weather only describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">So what is climate? Is it a statistical value? The "average" weather as observed but not calculated? Whether there are four distinct seasons or less than four? Is it whether the weather is always warm, always dry, always wet? Perhaps a weighted average of each?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">There really isn't a "true" definition of climate. For climate science, most often it's the average temperature (and maybe precipitation, etc) for an area over 30 years time. That's what the Global Average Temperature is based on. However, a calculated statistic is not reality in any way. The "average" height of humans is meaningless since there are always those taller and those shorter. Giving an average is just giving a number. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">What then does climate change mean? I don't know that there is a real definition thereof. There's a rise in the calculated global average temperature that was attributed to global warming. Then, it became obvious that "global" warming really wasn't global at all. Now, while the Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period may not have been 100% global, current changes in climate are in NO way global. The Arctic appears to warm faster while much of the Norther Hemisphere is freezing--indicating there really is only LOCAL climate, not global.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Going back to "what is climate"? The most reliable answer would be the number of seasons a place has, yet even that is in no way constant. When I first moved to Wyoming, there was virtually no fall. I was so excited the first years the leaves turned colors. There wasn't much for spring, either. Mostly just summer and winter with a very brief divide between the two. Now, we have fall colors fairly regularly. I varies from year to year. Sometimes there's just winter and summer basically. Seasons, therefore, are not even a 100% way of defining climate.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiT7TEo7MrkGaC9PTLKH6mYPPBWOuC_cLQx6hfDISN5uxvH1MLy75hfPfH-QcEHH-WHoH1MrBFhrlvTfAGP70vt6MPqtCAEE2A6oXG11Kgb5ZjARh-s88gqM8_zyf0NDOE__XY9Aj4dQ/s1600/B0000169.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1600" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhiT7TEo7MrkGaC9PTLKH6mYPPBWOuC_cLQx6hfDISN5uxvH1MLy75hfPfH-QcEHH-WHoH1MrBFhrlvTfAGP70vt6MPqtCAEE2A6oXG11Kgb5ZjARh-s88gqM8_zyf0NDOE__XY9Aj4dQ/s320/B0000169.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Summertime</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW3IgMzmbfUDedW6OH0mIXcIA-U6M_dWX1g8wvdhwKe1HRy6GH6MFhxZ3UZAelRJmodtu8jpE1yo9rnm3EtPnpLbmP77rj3h8vdC22lwZw4wAnsv_-weoVGQxuLgRFmNfMx_y5PAHa_Vc/s1600/131.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="1600" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW3IgMzmbfUDedW6OH0mIXcIA-U6M_dWX1g8wvdhwKe1HRy6GH6MFhxZ3UZAelRJmodtu8jpE1yo9rnm3EtPnpLbmP77rj3h8vdC22lwZw4wAnsv_-weoVGQxuLgRFmNfMx_y5PAHa_Vc/s320/131.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wintertime</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Climate--it looks more and more like a magical term used for whatever purpose one wants. The reality is the only thing that really matters to humans is weather. Let's go with the idea for the moment that weather is what climate really means (since "extreme weather" is now used as evidence for "climate change"). So what is global warming and man made climate change? Global warming refers to the property of CO2 (and H2O also) that absorbs long wave radiation (radiation the earth reflects back to space. Incoming radiation is short wave radiation) and then reradiates the energy in all directions. The energy that is directed toward the earth and some of the other energy as well is sent back to earth, adding heat to the planet. Water actually does the same thing. Humans burning fossil fuels and changing landscapes are believed by some to have increased the global temperature.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Now we are back to what is a "global temperature"? As with climate, it's a mathematical construct. IF the global average temperature rises, what does that mean? Many say "climate change" but climate change really isn't relevant, only local conditions. There is no "global climate". Nothing in the man made climate change theory can in any way predict local weather changes. Nothing. So why then are people saying we have 12 years left to fix this "problem", school kids striking (I realize that may be to get a day off from class...), and so forth? Politics is why. Politicians often use propaganda and incorrect or exaggerated claims to frighten people, to keep themselves in power. </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #b45f06; font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">(see <a href="http://climate4kids.blogspot.com/2014/04/dont-be-afraid.html">http://climate4kids.blogspot.com/2014/04/dont-be-afraid.html</a>) </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">There is no science behind the scary predictions. We simply DO NOT KNOW what is coming. There are no scientific psychics out there (nor any other kind, for that matter). Plus, again, the theory does not address local weather but rather makes broad, meaningless, useless claims about more extreme weather.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">The weather--what we live in--changes always and will no matter what we do or don't do. Contrary to what the scare mongers say, the weather is not getting worse. Yes, it's flooding across parts of the US but it flooded longer and a much larger area in 1993. There have been tornadoes but there have always been tornadoes, more in some years, fewer in others. There's no clear trend in numbers or severity. The "permanent drought" in California is now officially over. Snow has returned to the Northern Hemisphere in large amounts, as has colder weather. Glaciers are growing in some areas, decreasing in others, as has always been.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY7UBnY4taUmlvGm9lBLPzxqyiCDNXzU_RhyN0qSbKBHmL8ThXcr81lr26A6DORvJcQce2mfQy7HxBX6RNKjV0nyicyYpQ9fiLQG7ed3C0AcMc2TJgyZd5CPTBRSOfc_fkVz1AhvHf4NI/s1600/DSCN8126.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY7UBnY4taUmlvGm9lBLPzxqyiCDNXzU_RhyN0qSbKBHmL8ThXcr81lr26A6DORvJcQce2mfQy7HxBX6RNKjV0nyicyYpQ9fiLQG7ed3C0AcMc2TJgyZd5CPTBRSOfc_fkVz1AhvHf4NI/s200/DSCN8126.JPG" width="150" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdZkgQSDdky3ingQgHR06W1PBn2kP_QU1Qv4NSW6ko-3OF4Ciw9KBw349w3kCt42U0zB47G0Fadu3g5zElF_hchHhEzxIckzmAuNAlnjv8tKUftslDTpQW1aNfbOoYDnLtQZmCgAcRGU/s1600/scan0112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1132" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJdZkgQSDdky3ingQgHR06W1PBn2kP_QU1Qv4NSW6ko-3OF4Ciw9KBw349w3kCt42U0zB47G0Fadu3g5zElF_hchHhEzxIckzmAuNAlnjv8tKUftslDTpQW1aNfbOoYDnLtQZmCgAcRGU/s200/scan0112.jpg" width="140" /></a><br />
<span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"><span style="background-color: white;">Some examples of what might be called "extreme weather". In the real world, these are common. Extremely annoying, problematic at times, dangerous, but the events are what has always happened on Earth. Nothing has really changed except our reactions.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">We have snow, hail, high wind and a thunderstorms pictured here.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #134f5c; font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;">It's important to note that the media regularly exaggerate these events. Four inches of snow in the past did not call for a "winter storm warning". A blizzard warning involved many, many inches of snow and high wind. High wind warnings seem to vary depending on the area—people in urban areas consider 30 mph high wind much of the time. All definitions of these terms are subjective and can be ramped up or down at will by the media, scientists, etc. The weather people do have standard definitions, but again, these can be modified to increase people's belief in the weather being more severe.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoahBnyqaPiNeXUJN5VjUO1KBAmSWgOwOnVuKXRJx90jYtBuFgf1KCisViA1e9M2ZmrAXtWVagtpZc5l3KPt4fm6KSPtIn8GM6QQyENFuhjFVEfQvMWIGEk-bjdZgEkQ6cWydFxjXp-1Y/s1600/DSCN6901.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoahBnyqaPiNeXUJN5VjUO1KBAmSWgOwOnVuKXRJx90jYtBuFgf1KCisViA1e9M2ZmrAXtWVagtpZc5l3KPt4fm6KSPtIn8GM6QQyENFuhjFVEfQvMWIGEk-bjdZgEkQ6cWydFxjXp-1Y/s200/DSCN6901.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdDs78yuf5Nvr9pi1N-R_8kSXr79lRBFqioyJoesyRw6qDftobp_k3VtDGlaqqPXMNOEcqezWHindNt36zv11r3MJRiZ6PE9hKuiZxw2vd-Pdq_O51nytpMl1Xr0101Kp-zlp7kmedd4/s1600/100_1334.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQdDs78yuf5Nvr9pi1N-R_8kSXr79lRBFqioyJoesyRw6qDftobp_k3VtDGlaqqPXMNOEcqezWHindNt36zv11r3MJRiZ6PE9hKuiZxw2vd-Pdq_O51nytpMl1Xr0101Kp-zlp7kmedd4/s200/100_1334.JPG" width="200" /></a><span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Back to climate and what it is. Other than to say it's a mathematical construct, it's really not definable in any meaningful way or perhaps it's defined in too many ways to be useful. So what is "climate change"? Again, nothing that is definable or useful. It comes down to weather and weather is always changing. There is no crisis. Later on, we will look at the weather in local areas to see how that is changing, which is really all that matters. I think you'll be surprised at how little things do change over time in the weather.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyaIorcqeGs-HPv4Ds-rhSF7R5cMCxCQrE-EvrOlGwcROu5xstoAU0B3zTpSwt0ORxFdN8PgoDF1USYsvXt6QAGduhUsjjWx4_sfFvAaTLsgNT5GPWn6o1RXEYvIfryQvKVbRIZx77iqQ/s1600/287.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyaIorcqeGs-HPv4Ds-rhSF7R5cMCxCQrE-EvrOlGwcROu5xstoAU0B3zTpSwt0ORxFdN8PgoDF1USYsvXt6QAGduhUsjjWx4_sfFvAaTLsgNT5GPWn6o1RXEYvIfryQvKVbRIZx77iqQ/s320/287.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spring flowers</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnvy52AMmFOQXqbFnhikns4RfZUrsCXNL4aQfiqPVyewqEFx6mYeBLbzASLk56Y44pLqoNmUGaIwpQ3O49A2o18ecU_rpn_aogabgDVbrh9i2YhCZDvnYAVBQlzFPUl5QCQxiJJi0CSsQ/s1600/PICT0242.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnvy52AMmFOQXqbFnhikns4RfZUrsCXNL4aQfiqPVyewqEFx6mYeBLbzASLk56Y44pLqoNmUGaIwpQ3O49A2o18ecU_rpn_aogabgDVbrh9i2YhCZDvnYAVBQlzFPUl5QCQxiJJi0CSsQ/s320/PICT0242.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Summertime</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK6_FnnO3REvrUuxcPx2rbJ7tllUcwhwnuUhaaZpDBANQbVyEU9JDpq60ngRi7UlMIbnKvXLFhc0TkZp6ZrqOvP_RnJNFdiqMgJIPjbkzPXdJLc3UFz9WZojuz5_SPI5H1e1OqOzNPSM8/s1600/DSCN8680.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK6_FnnO3REvrUuxcPx2rbJ7tllUcwhwnuUhaaZpDBANQbVyEU9JDpq60ngRi7UlMIbnKvXLFhc0TkZp6ZrqOvP_RnJNFdiqMgJIPjbkzPXdJLc3UFz9WZojuz5_SPI5H1e1OqOzNPSM8/s320/DSCN8680.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dark, stormy weather</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "chalkboard";"><span style="color: #b45f06; font-size: x-large;">Time to realize "climate change" really is nothing to fear. We live in weather, not climate, and weather always changes. We adapt.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: medium;">(Feel free to comment on this article. I am interested in people's reactions to this idea. All comments are modified. I will address them as quickly as possible.)</span></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-38729980920756661362019-03-07T06:29:00.000-08:002019-03-07T06:30:10.142-08:00So you want to save the planet?<div style="border: none; margin-bottom: 0.12in; padding: 0in;">
<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Suing to Save the Planet</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">There has a been a trend of school children exploited by their activist teachers into suing or striking for climate change attention (attention in general, if we are honest). This is (1) VERY, VERY bad for science and education in general and (2)very bad for the students and teachers who just look foolish and attention starved. It gives the appearance of being desperate and naive. The students look like little puppets, with their strings being pulled by the puppet-master. It all shrieks of INDOCTRINATION, NOT EDUCATION. This is meant to be very blunt. If one cares at all about science and the future, one must call out the charlatans and these ARE some of the biggest charlatans out there, using children as their tools for political gain.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">However, IF you really want to save the planet and think CO2 is a problem, here is how you do it:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br />1. Demand your school keep all classrooms at 55°F during the winter and 85°F in the summer (if your school has heating and air conditioning). Assuming the school has not covered all the windows in a vain attempt to "save energy", demand the lights be turned off in the classrooms. If you must use lights, demand LED ONLY.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">2. Demand NO computers, cell phones or other electronic devices. These are energy hogs and cause a great deal of petroleum fuels to be utilized. They must be abandoned. A chalkboard and chalk were fine in the old days and they will be fine now. Notes can be taken on recycled paper or scrap paper the students bring from home. This worked for centuries, so why change it?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">3. All buses will only pick up students that live over one mile from the school. All others will walk or bicycle. Students living over one mile from the school can get extra credit for bicycling and not taking the bus. NO students may drive to school individually. They MUST carpool, take the bus, or they can be expelled. Parking lots will be covered with greenhouses for growing fresh vegetables. Teachers must also carpool or be fired. Students and teachers must attend/work at the school closest to their home to cut down on transportation usage. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">4. Students must wear a cotton uniform made in an eco-friendly fashion, preferably in their own country to cut or eliminate shipping of goods. Nothing but a uniform is acceptable and any student not wearing one will be sent home (if they rode the bus, they can sit in the gym and read a book until the bus takes them home). Repeat violations should have the student expelled for failure to care about their planet and future.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">5. NO hot lunches. All lunches will be cold and students will get extra credit for bringing lunches from home. School lunch programs that provide free lunches will provide only cold lunches. If students fail to eat said lunches, they will be instructed to bring their own lunch from home. FOOD WASTE IS UNACCEPTABLE. Monitors will keep track of those wasting food.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">6. Your homes will be kept at 55°F or 85°F in the summer, just like the schools. Demand your parents do this. If they won't, you can claim they don't care about your future. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">7. Anyone whose parent works for oil or gas, etc, gets extra credit if they can get their parent to change to an "eco-friendly" job. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">8. Make sure your school and homes recycle everything. Lunch rooms must use paper cups, not styrofoam, if they serve drinks. Plastics, aluminum, etc must all be recycled. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">9. Insist your parents plant gardens, abandoning their pesticide-laden lawns in favor of producing more food for the planet with no transportation costs. Protest loudly if your parents or siblings drive anywhere they could have walked (anything under one mile away). Protest if your parents or siblings make purchases of new clothing or shoes when they do not really need them. Constantly point out that Used is Better. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">10. If your parent flies somewhere when a teleconference could have sufficed, wail and moan that your future is being destroyed by their actions. Better yet, make sure only one parent works, that you live in a tiny house and have few possessions. No electronics to speak of, of course. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: green;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">11. You should learn, along with your parents, how to preserve food by canning. Do not use a freezer because of the electricity usage. For meats, you can make jerky or can the meat. People did this for decades, you can too. Make your meals at home. Eating out is very unfriendly to the environment. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: green; font-family: "monaco" , monospace; font-size: 11pt;">These are a start. IF you REALLY ARE SERIOUS, we'll see you start doing these "planet-saving" things and stop with the silly, useless, insincere lawsuits. IF we do NOT see you do this, we will assume you're just parroting what your teachers told you and trying to get attention. IF you don't care enough to get off your duffs and save the planet that you are going to be living on, we certainly don't. There is no reason we should. Your lack of action shows us that it is obvious that climate change is all a madeup money grabbing scheme and there's nothing to worry about. Ball's in your court, children.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d;">(Note: There will be unintended consequences to everyone of these changes. Carefully consider whether saving the planet will in fact destroy humanity.)</span></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-71861869837312397462018-12-19T17:46:00.000-08:002018-12-19T17:46:54.704-08:00Interesting phenomena<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">When is the coldest time of night? The answer: just after sunrise. This is often surprising to people. It makes sense when you actually think about it though. The sun has been out of sight for the entire night. Any heat stored on the surface is at a minimum at this point. If the sky is cloudy, the heat will have remained far longer than if the sky clears. When the sun rises, there is a period of time when there is not enough heat yet to warm the atmosphere and ground. As the sun rises higher, the heat is absorbed and the temperatures start to rise. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As the temperature rises, winds may increase as things warm. Here, where I am in Wyoming, that time is around 10 AM.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Thunderstorms may form in the afternoon due to instability. The surface warms, air mixes and clouds form. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The warmest part of the day is late afternoon, when the sun has been out for the longest length of time. The surface warms, air mixes, then clouds form, followed by thunderstorms if the humidity is high enough.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTQiSDvymf3t3gMWk5L6j2ObEc7wCGmkuRicFK-LVF-jvM1xgl160HW87GyZPaqjMhFPUreDHEgadDVSF1kpvPI4AB2PEIoXCVSfazdllKAuZ8m2Pkhe-eGf-yb1JYj-e-IHvCm0ULLTM/s1600/currentfourteen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="1600" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTQiSDvymf3t3gMWk5L6j2ObEc7wCGmkuRicFK-LVF-jvM1xgl160HW87GyZPaqjMhFPUreDHEgadDVSF1kpvPI4AB2PEIoXCVSfazdllKAuZ8m2Pkhe-eGf-yb1JYj-e-IHvCm0ULLTM/s320/currentfourteen.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #660066;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This is a sign in the Snowy Mountains of Wyoming. Afternoon thunderstorms are very common, as I can attest to due to many afternoon outings in the Snowy Mountains. Hiking was not part of these outings, of course.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Medicanes are cyclonic storms that occur one or twice a year in the Mediterranean ocean. They are not true hurricanes as their wind speeds are not sufficient. Winds are in the range of 70 to 95 mph, though the winds can and do go higher (In 1969, 1995, 1996 and 2017 there were storms that made hurricane strength, resulting in deaths and thousands left homeless). Medicanes have a cold core and they travel west to east, the opposite of hurricanes. Like hurricanes, they can produce heavy rains and flooding.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">September through January is the most common time of the year for these storms to form. Meteorologists say there are about 2 per year.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Storms that are similar to Medicanes form over Labrador Sea and south of Greenland.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In 11/20/2017, twenty people were killed and a thousand homes damaged by a Medicane.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">In 1969, a Medicane struck Algeria and Tunisia, killing 600 and leaving 250,000 homeless. Then in 1996, another Medicane did damage to the Aeolian Islands. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #663300;"><span style="font-family: "monaco" , monospace;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Medicanes were not a phenomena I was familiar with until I started researching hurricanes. </span></span></span></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-44879004429289951392018-09-23T13:49:00.000-07:002018-09-23T13:49:50.076-07:00Changes<div style="color: #2c1376; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fall is coming to where I live</td></tr>
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It’s the time of year when we get spring in the southern hemisphere and fall in the northern hemisphere. The reports and discussion on “climate change” decrease during this period because the temperatures often moderate. Hurricane season does seem to ramp up, but the number and intensity of hurricanes is holding steady or decreasing. Tropical storms are now reported on as if they were actual hurricanes, often elevated to "superstorms". (If the media uses the term “storm of a lifetime” one more time……)</div>
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Are we experiencing “climate chaos” or something like that? Not really. The news media and others tend to need a good story and will elevate a normal occurrence to a climate catastrophe. Since we live in a modern age and people like to travel, especially at holidays, there are ample opportunities to show flooding, blizzards and other travel disruptions. People stranded at the airport make great news viewing and keep people afraid that the climate is against them somehow and that humans are the ones responsible for this. People have been stranded by weather for centuries. Wagon trains in America had to make it across the mountains before snow came. Since the first date for snow is not ever known until it occurs (one can estimate only based on past weather) wagon trains got stranded in blizzards and people died. This was in the 1800’s, before CO2 had increased. Same for floods, forest fires, heat waves. In the 1800’s, heat waves were brutal because there was no air conditioning. One learned to stay in the shade and try to keep cooler. People died from heat. Back then, it was just a part of life. Bad things happened. It was sad, but not preventable. It still is a part of life, yet now humans have the idea they control the climate and can avoid all of this if they just ditch the air conditioning that keeps people alive and go back to staying in the shade. Getting rid of what was a solution to a problem in order to create a bigger problem. There is nothing that says this will actually help, short of models and people who appear to want to destroy capitalism. Their evidence is very, very shaky. While there are claims that 97% of scientists agree and so forth, one can create virtually any statistical outcome they want by picking input data and choosing careful wording of questions. The statistic is virtually meaningless unless you know the question and you know the way the poll was done. Be careful not to fall for the use of such statistics to convince you that a lot of people agree with the science. Besides, it’s not really how many scientists agree, it’s whether or not they can prove their claim. Climate change/global warming is not actually well proven. The physics may be there, but the way the input is interpreted is quite another thing. There are multiple ways to interpret the data and many ways used to adjust and exclude/include data. In the world of models and statistics, there are no certainties and many beliefs about global warming are based on over-confidence in the models and statistics.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Is it safe out there?</td></tr>
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Recently, global warming marketing specialists have come out with games, etc., to push the idea that what their view of global warming is should be believed. A game is not science. It’s a game. Again, the creator puts in what they want in and leaves out whatever they don’t want. Not a very realistic way of presenting “information” on climate. It’s more like a campaign to convince kids that they must all think alike and must believe in global warming/climate change/climate chaos. It is very tempting for adults to do things like this. Adults kind of like kids that believe everything grownups tell them. Unfortunately, that leaves the kids open to being fooled into believing things that are not true if adults are less than truthful. The caring way to teach kids is to encourage them to think for themselves, to learn all they can about a subject from all sides and then when they have enough information, to decide what to believe. It also means telling them that science is not generally settled and ideas can be wrong. It’s the proper scientific way to look at the world, as something we are continually learning about. There are definitely a few things in science that are more or less settled, but those things are stuff like the effects of gravity (we can measure it, but not explain it fully—Einstein's theory and others go a long way in that direction, but could change if someone comes up with a better explanation), that viruses cause diseases, etc. Things you can demonstrate over and over again with the result being virtually the same each time. However, predictions of future developments like climate or how far humans can progress in a decade, how to prevent diseases that are not caused by viruses but rather multiple factors working together, and so forth, are not settled and may not be for decades. That keeps scientists in business, of course! 😉</div>
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As we move into winter and summer, depending on the hemisphere in which one lives, the opportunity to exploit weather to frighten people increases. Remember, weather has always been there and humans are more capable of dealing with it that probably any other time in history. Enjoy it and embrace it. Plan as much as you can for the extremes, of course. Still, there’s no need to lose sleep out of fear over a coming catastrophe. We humans have been dealing with weather and climate for centuries!</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ0jrW9SPiuLUUPjn7-jkLGPYMzZocqIG6f_HTU-pnrKe6zpuAJiHSbCJrb7CQQJL0_i0yYQE-JCfLaPndveRlDWXHmA8hSjQzRgdToaZ9fLRXk5_1bfOSRW-LfuNs1FbztcU2J6jvzXs/s1600/worldcollage3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ0jrW9SPiuLUUPjn7-jkLGPYMzZocqIG6f_HTU-pnrKe6zpuAJiHSbCJrb7CQQJL0_i0yYQE-JCfLaPndveRlDWXHmA8hSjQzRgdToaZ9fLRXk5_1bfOSRW-LfuNs1FbztcU2J6jvzXs/s640/worldcollage3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="color: #2c1376; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">The many seasons of earth, each with it's own unique weather.</span></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-70742145872929394332018-03-31T13:09:00.002-07:002018-03-31T13:09:47.761-07:00A couple of updates<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">Earth Hour 2018 a feel-good exercise that does nothing</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">I blinked and missed it.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">Earth Hour, the purely symbolic hour when the lights go out and people profess their about caring about the earth.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">Note the “symbolic” part.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">If this was a serious endeavor, the internet would shut down, businesses would shut down, TV would stop broadcasting, etc.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">There’s</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">no substance here, just symbolism.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">Virtually no electricity was saved.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">In fact, a great deal was used promoting the virtue of Earth Hour and how important it was.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: blue; font-size: 21px;">More electricity was probably used than was ever saved by turning off the lights for an hour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">It’s important to understand that lighting is one of the lowest electrical uses out there. Many commercial buildings have used fluorescent lighting for decades. Now, with LED, the usage will go further down. For homeowners, virtually no difference is made when using LED or CFL lighting, unless they leave their lights on 24/7. The LEDs work exceptionally well and have no mercury like the CFLs and don’t glow yellow as is common with fluorescent lighting. Changing to these is fine, but one should not look for a major drop in their electric bill. </span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">It's good to care about the planet and to conserve energy, but it has to be real, not some feel-good useless ploy.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Weather 2018 East Coast USA</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px; line-height: normal; min-height: 25px;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: blue;"><span style="font-kerning: none;"></span><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 21px; line-height: normal;">
<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Four Nor’easters in USA: This is not unusual. Nor’easters have occurred in varying numbers and intensity throughout history. This is not climate change, this is weather and normal climate behavior. Some years there are more storms, some less. There is more impact now because of airline flights, traffic and the sheer number of people in many areas. It’s not climate changing, it’s people and where they live and whether or not they have realistic expectations of weather and climate. More and more, people have very unrealistic beliefs about what is dubbed “extreme weather” and how often it occurred. It’s not changing—we are.</span></span></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-25577913889539449222018-01-01T14:08:00.000-08:002018-01-01T14:08:22.991-08:002018 ArrivesA new year. I thought I'd post pictures of weather and nature:<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_oQXa4wsY8cY6ucL-v8GMO4yWxpyNf4Ztz_QfBxCzXGXz2tWpBVarJDpXU2pK6JTgNwIOsj0E9gKDYppxYsKGE-3u5cp51XTo0g7a-uGOegqhbh6X3TbFV5hwZtyS0zPauuVx2Oz6WRU/s1600/DSCN0102.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_oQXa4wsY8cY6ucL-v8GMO4yWxpyNf4Ztz_QfBxCzXGXz2tWpBVarJDpXU2pK6JTgNwIOsj0E9gKDYppxYsKGE-3u5cp51XTo0g7a-uGOegqhbh6X3TbFV5hwZtyS0zPauuVx2Oz6WRU/s400/DSCN0102.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dandelion blooming in December (wintertime and cold!)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4xkCpkZElmH5LDalBfCFcnJrVSI4HSOnNrUKpvl7vT0SQYe2ArYEF7fa37lzOclvtw9uEWCzpYZ2nqXR5JvH_6JEM2RNFg-E2nNOefONG2ABvX_NogH86WNZjhoe3TcMtB5H1Siba8pY/s1600/DSCN0108.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4xkCpkZElmH5LDalBfCFcnJrVSI4HSOnNrUKpvl7vT0SQYe2ArYEF7fa37lzOclvtw9uEWCzpYZ2nqXR5JvH_6JEM2RNFg-E2nNOefONG2ABvX_NogH86WNZjhoe3TcMtB5H1Siba8pY/s400/DSCN0108.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harvest moon</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaj7t8ip-5PHy-t88yFxoq8rhhQ0vljNiTn-j1t8_qh_LfSwNbQUUT3sMUiao7g8VauKJ1mOvN8KXjK815pnRBCTGEqmaKW-N1hkESAzHzY6i_0_0w6VKEtm09adkfryytDPK69CeA4nk/s1600/DSCN0191.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaj7t8ip-5PHy-t88yFxoq8rhhQ0vljNiTn-j1t8_qh_LfSwNbQUUT3sMUiao7g8VauKJ1mOvN8KXjK815pnRBCTGEqmaKW-N1hkESAzHzY6i_0_0w6VKEtm09adkfryytDPK69CeA4nk/s400/DSCN0191.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Deer in light snow</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDtvtqc6qHpnCP8OPHxjHDUkQMnTty9YQ9Zr6WtgLoV04AYRHH7HXDaX-tpnRQfEYW9bcHinnlcsnOr3KH3jgBx1BmMz3ErCVHAwmeK6KIwQRJ3Ca9hYoNlkd9bqtSM3T6eVIewjeA7o8/s1600/DSCN0198.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDtvtqc6qHpnCP8OPHxjHDUkQMnTty9YQ9Zr6WtgLoV04AYRHH7HXDaX-tpnRQfEYW9bcHinnlcsnOr3KH3jgBx1BmMz3ErCVHAwmeK6KIwQRJ3Ca9hYoNlkd9bqtSM3T6eVIewjeA7o8/s400/DSCN0198.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sunrise over a snowy landscape</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_2hpIjb9ZzUScx_Jl0GN8M-Hmvhwwrt4G7HRB5d8Y1wUr2u8MEM1U_ESfGsPa_ubLXiV_NYjMePQ5kVV9ol5PSIgAtwts7rptTr_5XY3XPTVJcOXGf0zPFh7RaIfcOwIeZ7iK1BQHfak/s1600/DSCN0413.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_2hpIjb9ZzUScx_Jl0GN8M-Hmvhwwrt4G7HRB5d8Y1wUr2u8MEM1U_ESfGsPa_ubLXiV_NYjMePQ5kVV9ol5PSIgAtwts7rptTr_5XY3XPTVJcOXGf0zPFh7RaIfcOwIeZ7iK1BQHfak/s400/DSCN0413.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fall colors through my window</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPWvsS_hIHC8kqL4G_tLQVdE526HKYJXB0MUK0Zx63-XvkLXTJuPz21GgpNCgDLSmnSnWRwN62_WlPT6rCmEVaxy0JO0bI1M7wGRUgoBdsnv-aLfMbgMH3E6rGKNfplwmD0vvg6PPFkwI/s1600/DSCN0036.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPWvsS_hIHC8kqL4G_tLQVdE526HKYJXB0MUK0Zx63-XvkLXTJuPz21GgpNCgDLSmnSnWRwN62_WlPT6rCmEVaxy0JO0bI1M7wGRUgoBdsnv-aLfMbgMH3E6rGKNfplwmD0vvg6PPFkwI/s400/DSCN0036.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prairie grasses</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8lXzgRafPmECDOO4GVFbmviFvBlLoDxysZjfDeMxKu1gTZb0FRbnRwTde350CF2doUrGKf-v-p3dK87rcn7OOAUaIA40iRbPwSRMGMmkqqdKmWj85HrV7iYn8BLTPD7Fwk5DaKIRN2s/s1600/DSCN0123.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz8lXzgRafPmECDOO4GVFbmviFvBlLoDxysZjfDeMxKu1gTZb0FRbnRwTde350CF2doUrGKf-v-p3dK87rcn7OOAUaIA40iRbPwSRMGMmkqqdKmWj85HrV7iYn8BLTPD7Fwk5DaKIRN2s/s400/DSCN0123.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fawn (springtime)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8cRon41HWJXauPkwgXnVc7MSMjCCzKS6N-6zy8MUPPkFfc4g1cwXAUBvu0BFIqR0cubICabZlHeZIVbV_ZlhRiRipam1xwj0Cg0ojotZeluLCjrytY3nJ9FSygc07SBHDY0xLCWuBo1g/s1600/DSCN0208.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8cRon41HWJXauPkwgXnVc7MSMjCCzKS6N-6zy8MUPPkFfc4g1cwXAUBvu0BFIqR0cubICabZlHeZIVbV_ZlhRiRipam1xwj0Cg0ojotZeluLCjrytY3nJ9FSygc07SBHDY0xLCWuBo1g/s400/DSCN0208.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Red sunrise due to smoke from forest fires</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZBCzfLPxuyyT2ftK5uSIKoTL_xjhVScrMwHSD1wZNkCltyDtZY1kGENtvxmTqYM43O059oQHuobXaURPuesDUg1t6C36Ym7kp0fHR-SepqxLa_usWSIre5uJYqDHxeXp9QcVA_yFbU0/s1600/DSCN0237.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxZBCzfLPxuyyT2ftK5uSIKoTL_xjhVScrMwHSD1wZNkCltyDtZY1kGENtvxmTqYM43O059oQHuobXaURPuesDUg1t6C36Ym7kp0fHR-SepqxLa_usWSIre5uJYqDHxeXp9QcVA_yFbU0/s400/DSCN0237.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Total eclipse, August 2017</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPlccB2aT7XMWSDWvyNqZFIgIH9maf5BjiR9FUBmwzSVdTvR9nfaOM7n2ILEjSDq5z0Jk12WYtdc7so1XYPdrLtZRGH2Kt5wry0NwGtHfkVC8Zj5xdQ8jtKAD5uVhJBjfuvrl9E4hdW1U/s1600/DSCN9810.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPlccB2aT7XMWSDWvyNqZFIgIH9maf5BjiR9FUBmwzSVdTvR9nfaOM7n2ILEjSDq5z0Jk12WYtdc7so1XYPdrLtZRGH2Kt5wry0NwGtHfkVC8Zj5xdQ8jtKAD5uVhJBjfuvrl9E4hdW1U/s400/DSCN9810.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Storming</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtYnHsqdt9XGJKbIwLmEJFsCInD_pFz8hAzcSE7sL56WqUSz_B3aVaorrHq-xUUbYzBeq3sqqAswQjVDjD9DEKfSOHNimyUVJdQzggxAlL2_WXuvTqHGDBA7KkULU8czGyF_lvblHpFm8/s1600/100_0790.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtYnHsqdt9XGJKbIwLmEJFsCInD_pFz8hAzcSE7sL56WqUSz_B3aVaorrHq-xUUbYzBeq3sqqAswQjVDjD9DEKfSOHNimyUVJdQzggxAlL2_WXuvTqHGDBA7KkULU8czGyF_lvblHpFm8/s400/100_0790.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Daffodils, one of the first flowers in spring</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_G0_HPsfWyOlcws4yXSBz4Kx6VHsycvwMTedmI9EZozmD9XNNJ8XjH5pz490gMk8BUeA4dGjci-CU3QSj4g0VUYs6R28SMLdwUkglrpjErDGJbvDsitu0WvDHxkprkGdld1p5BBhR3-c/s1600/IMG_0865.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_G0_HPsfWyOlcws4yXSBz4Kx6VHsycvwMTedmI9EZozmD9XNNJ8XjH5pz490gMk8BUeA4dGjci-CU3QSj4g0VUYs6R28SMLdwUkglrpjErDGJbvDsitu0WvDHxkprkGdld1p5BBhR3-c/s400/IMG_0865.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pincushion cactus blooming (June)</td></tr>
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<br />TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-87963646068079031752017-09-12T15:36:00.004-07:002017-09-12T15:36:38.375-07:00Hurricanes and Climate <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">With
one hurricane hitting Florida (USA) and one having just hit Texas
(USA), several Caribbean Islands, and other countries along its path,
the news media is all aflutter with stories about "climate
change" making hurricanes bigger and stronger and faster
and.....Let's slow down and look at what the science says.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;">NOAA,
the IPCC and many other such agencies have repeatedly stated there is
not a direct connection between global warming and hurricanes.
Non-scientists and media people do not seem to have gotten the
message. It's a free-for-all blaming Trump, global warming, and
apparently anything that comes to the speaker's head. There is no
science in any of these statements. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;">Irma
was downgraded to a Cat 4 before hitting Florida (it was Cat 5 when
it hit the Caribbean), and Hurricane Harvey was a Cat 4 at landfall.
Neither was an "apocalyptic" storm. Both were major
hurricanes, but both Florida and Texas were hit by hurricanes in the
past. It's nothing new. There was a 12 year break in major
hurricanes hitting the USA. That is important to remember.
Hurricanes have been more frequent and much less frequent in the past
compared to today. As for more powerful, not necessarily. According
to reports, Hurricane Allen had winds 5 mph higher than Irma. Irma
had the lowest barometric pressure on any cyclone in the Atlantic
Basin. There have been other hurricanes with higher winds and lower
pressures in other areas of the world. Irma is a record holder for a
specific area only. That is important to remember. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Even
if Irma was the strongest hurricane recorded worldwide, it would not
show that CO2 causing changes in hurricanes. There will always be a
"strongest" and a "weakest". That's how
superlatives work. Breaking records is not a sign of impending doom.
The 12 years without a hurricane was a record, too. The longest
streak without major hurricanes since records began in 1851. Should
some significance be assigned to this? Some have called it luck. If
we call the lack of hurricanes luck, should we not call the return
"bad luck" and not global warming?</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Let's
look at what the Category ratings mean:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Cat
1 74-95 mph wind (119-153 km/h)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Cat
2 96-110 mph wind (154-177 km/h)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Cat
3 111-129 mph wind (178-208 km/h)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Cat
4 130-156 mph wind (209-251 km/h)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Cat
5 157 or higher (252 km/h)</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Some
people have suggested a Cat 6 should be added. There really is no
point to adding such a catagory other than to try and frighten people
or make them think weather is getting worse. Winds of 157 or higher
result in massive destruction. While the category is based on wind
speeds, it's also based on damage and Cat 5 is basically total
destruction. There really is no reason for further categories above
5. Once an area sustains massive damage, it really does not matter
whether the wind was 160 or 195. It might even cause confusion as
people "reason" that a Cat 5 is not the worst, so they
would worry less about a Cat 5 than they did in the past. After all,
it's not a Cat 6. It might not make sense to some, but people do
tend to reason along those lines and mistakenly ignore the warnings.
Stopping at Cat 5 says this is the most serious level of damage you
are going to see and it's the most dangerous.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Some
reporters and others are saying warming ocean waters made Irma worse
and spawned multiple hurricanes within a short time span. IF water
temperature were the only factor and the water temperature where
these hurricanes were spawned was warmer (it does not appear to have
been warmer, but rather a couple of degrees lower than what would be
expected to develop a major hurricane), there might be some validity
to saying global warming made these hurricanes stronger. However,
there are many factors involved in hurricane formation, strength,
paths, and duration. Weather fronts can slow the hurricane and
increase the amount of rainfall, resulting in more flooding. Fronts
may "reroute" the hurricane from its modeled path. We just
don't know enough about hurricanes to make any judgements on whether
or not planetary warming will make them more frequent, less frequent,
stronger, weaker, etc.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Extreme
weather has always been around. In the past, many more people died
in hurricanes because there was no early warnings, no wind-resistant
housing, no way to evacuate if need be. The modern world, with it's
automobiles, helicopters, radar detection of weather phenomena and
all the technologically advanced medicine, phones, and other things
we in the US take for granted (and other parts of the world) make it
possible to avoid many deaths, and to rebuild afterwards.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Our
technology has made us safer and more capable of dealing with weather
events. There's no reason to alter our lifestyles when we really
don't know if it would make a difference or not. We can build more
hurricane-resistant buildings, add sea walls and so forth to help
deal, which is just prudent actions.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: navy;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">The
science says the hurricanes <b>may </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">be
less frequent but more powerful if the planet warms. Remember
though, the 12 years the United States went without a major hurricane
strike. All the while, science claimed the world was still warming.
So warming </span><b>may </b><span style="font-weight: normal;">actually
reduce the number and not affect intensity. We simply do not know
what will happen.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-45855034147593164852017-03-08T17:04:00.000-08:002017-03-08T17:04:00.578-08:00Fossil Fuels<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">There's
a lot of talk about fossil fuels when people speak about climate and
how it changes. For now, set aside whether or not these fuels
increase the global average temperature. What are "fossil
fuels"?</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">Fossil
fuels include methane, propane, oil, coal--what are referred to as
hydrocarbons. They have only C (carbon) and H (hydrogen) atoms. The
simplest is methane, CH<sub>4</sub>, also called natural gas. Ethane
(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>), propane (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8 </sub>)
and butane (C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>) are all common hydrocarbons
used for things like home heating, butane lighters, etc.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">In
addition to methane and it's relatives, there's oil and coal. These
are not pure hydrocarbons. Crude oil is not like gasoline or home
heating oil--crude oil has various compounds mixed in, sometimes
metals. Crude oil is distilled into various compounds, including
gasoline, in a refinery. This is a multistep process. </span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVMWxsDwrtllnolZYPSE2wmNENP38ck-hZ9omYJzUT8S4mSJdxMVkCKZYFCv-SyeI0_jq_cp6OTgi0EAxd22-U-LZrN1iiund3eMoOd74ChP8s9NotVXqKlLckd9nelQEwZp-5-jVZeE/s1600/refinery.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmVMWxsDwrtllnolZYPSE2wmNENP38ck-hZ9omYJzUT8S4mSJdxMVkCKZYFCv-SyeI0_jq_cp6OTgi0EAxd22-U-LZrN1iiund3eMoOd74ChP8s9NotVXqKlLckd9nelQEwZp-5-jVZeE/s640/refinery.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Oil refinery</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">In
the past, and probably some schools now, children were taught oil
came from dead dinosaurs that were covered by rock and dirt and then
crushed by soil or rock. Sinclair Oil has a dinosaur trademark,
which adds to the belief. Today, the belief is oil was created from
zooplankton, algae and dead plant matter on the bottom of lakes and
the ocean. This material was then buried under sediment, creating an
environment without oxygen. If oxygen were present, microbes could
break down the organic matter. Over time, heat and pressure break
down the organic compounds and produce kerogen--a waxy solid that
then is further heated and compressed by the earth, resulting in
liquid crude oil. This process can be shown to work in a
lab--kerogen to oil via heat and pressure. Once a liquid, the
hydrocarbon cannot return to the solid state.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">The
theory of algae and zooplankton forming oil is called "biotic"
formation. While we call it "fossil fuel", there are not
fossils involved, just organic matter trapped on a lake bottom.
There is another theory of oil formation called "abiotic
formation" that holds that oil is not formed from dead organic
matter but rather formed deep within the mantle of the earth.
Pressure and heat compress substances that are transformed to liquid
hydrocarbons. This liquid, crude oil, migrates through the mantel
and is trapped in impermeable strata. One piece of evidence cited
for the abiotic theory is that oil and gas wells will regenerate
after a while, allowing us to get more oil from a "spent"
well. Much of the support for the abiotic theory is found in Russia
and the Ukraine, though there were theories about abiotic oil dating
back to the 16th century and the 19th century.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">We
do know methane can be created abiotically. It's found on Saturn's
moon Titan in large quantities, along with other hydrocarbons. No
dead organic material would have been available for the formation of
the methane. Methane is also also formed in landfills as the buried
material decomposes. Currently, there's no reliable, economical way
to recover this gas (some have tried but the expense was large).</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">Even
if the oil supply is diminished, there remains methane from various
sources that can be used for heating and generating electricity.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive;">Which
theory is correct? No one knows. Oil formed long before there were
humans to observe how it happened. It's possible that both theories
are correct and oil comes both from organic matter and from deep in
the earth's mantle. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Bradley Hand, cursive; font-size: x-large;">Why
is this importunate? One of the worries with oil, ignoring any CO2
factors, is what is called "peak oil". Peak oil is the
point at which humans reach the maximum available oil and the supply
then decreases rapidly over a short period. In other words, we will
need more oil than we can find and recover. If the biotic theory is
correct, oil is no longer being formed (although it is possible for
oil to still be forming under the oceans and in areas where there
were lakes, etc, since we don't know that all formation of oil ended
in the past. It is likely that new oil would not form fast enough
for our needs even if this is happening.) If oil is abiotic, then it
is constantly forming and moving toward the surface of the earth. If
it's both processes, then there is likely far more oil than we
estimated and our supply is secure for many years (if not centuries).
The biotic theory has the most evidence at this point. However, in
the last 10 to 20 years, huge reserves of oil and natural gas have
been found. No one really has a firm idea of how much oil is out
there nor when it will peak, if ever.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnoa_Fha6C-q3uQr34mm4j63Bv1Bl5uvDTI8LgATaXBB9JsiO_RwBWSBMV9yn8_unyKW85TpXifct50SA4EavFDiI_53zcfwvm4WOOLc7fBQ24ZibCUkFLZwQb0lrDHNhtsdfsR0HI6M/s1600/sept98one.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsnoa_Fha6C-q3uQr34mm4j63Bv1Bl5uvDTI8LgATaXBB9JsiO_RwBWSBMV9yn8_unyKW85TpXifct50SA4EavFDiI_53zcfwvm4WOOLc7fBQ24ZibCUkFLZwQb0lrDHNhtsdfsR0HI6M/s640/sept98one.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Work over rig</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUb9_hyT0CgTAt4wcjm6DA3W_Lz9aZ2h04no59_ThjHwjp1X5_W0RW9GC7nDdMqr_nSJGqOpPx8B_uGk38hR5ti8ux9XfAJJbg3j26V_xPwWDUtVyFNHEvmh5oqEUedJ-e4UaaEyur0jQ/s1600/IMG_1423.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUb9_hyT0CgTAt4wcjm6DA3W_Lz9aZ2h04no59_ThjHwjp1X5_W0RW9GC7nDdMqr_nSJGqOpPx8B_uGk38hR5ti8ux9XfAJJbg3j26V_xPwWDUtVyFNHEvmh5oqEUedJ-e4UaaEyur0jQ/s640/IMG_1423.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Storage tanks</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiduk_7KR9DwKKw_bHGJWV13rhXtp36t4x49cnIH8D6AMx73EaM1zeLkmveiEcovj-fE3Uboa3zESvwsj0XuszHPw5Byt7VBLH67H0OPF_pbYty5EBSvtBheqDpagwKpoqV1CJxe0uwm5s/s1600/122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiduk_7KR9DwKKw_bHGJWV13rhXtp36t4x49cnIH8D6AMx73EaM1zeLkmveiEcovj-fE3Uboa3zESvwsj0XuszHPw5Byt7VBLH67H0OPF_pbYty5EBSvtBheqDpagwKpoqV1CJxe0uwm5s/s640/122.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pump jack</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi42MUNxOSP9sAT8LmDN18UCZaypvS60re1z07tV9RRtq8l_dCPqUtOdza1g6PPvvb6yHZ9Kjyy6nKrZviUjGxIwzRJQZyAfviIaQPsHgkXMZ6FO9g7HH8lMTthmVoAFnVEI6p8llEZ1-k/s1600/scan0094.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi42MUNxOSP9sAT8LmDN18UCZaypvS60re1z07tV9RRtq8l_dCPqUtOdza1g6PPvvb6yHZ9Kjyy6nKrZviUjGxIwzRJQZyAfviIaQPsHgkXMZ6FO9g7HH8lMTthmVoAFnVEI6p8llEZ1-k/s640/scan0094.jpg" width="446" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drill rig (at dusk)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9fZHTwNVxHVZQRIaA52npy6owN1KknyAYQwO4aQZ0WdbhbtONS_SirUuxOCuUSQXdZCbAorccUBNEVLSCgJFutzokkxcZztQ_PJ3mRjwgIbjPwLoyMUpj0R72C6LM5-o7W6VLLMWR7D0/s1600/scan0145.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9fZHTwNVxHVZQRIaA52npy6owN1KknyAYQwO4aQZ0WdbhbtONS_SirUuxOCuUSQXdZCbAorccUBNEVLSCgJFutzokkxcZztQ_PJ3mRjwgIbjPwLoyMUpj0R72C6LM5-o7W6VLLMWR7D0/s640/scan0145.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Drill rig</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br />
</div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-68999722707342575102017-01-31T10:12:00.000-08:002017-01-31T10:12:18.260-08:00Polar Bears<span style="font-size: x-large;">There is a new book by Susan Crockford called "Polar Bears, Facts and Myths". It is written for children (all ages, actually) and talks about the current state of polar bears. Even though there are constant reports that polar bears are in trouble, the science does not back that up. Polar bears are doing fine.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The book is available at Amazon (I won't link—you'll need to look it up yourself). I purchased the Kindle version for 99 cents (USD). The paperback is $12.99. The book is 44 pages in length.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">I must note that those who are sensitive—those who are used to food coming from the supermarket wrapped in cellophane or those who don't eat meat—may find one photo of a polar bear feeding disturbing. Polar bears don't shop in a supermarket, don't "humanely kill" their food and don't cook it before eating. If the reader is likely to be disturbed by this reality, I don't recommend the book for them.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This blog rarely recommends reading of a certain book or article, but I found this particular book quite good. The author has written other books and papers that were quite interesting. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(I am not being compensated for writing this in any way.)</span>TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-88483216278534833402017-01-16T07:12:00.000-08:002017-01-16T07:12:09.561-08:00Happy New Year 2017<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="color: #7b219f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 24px; line-height: normal;">
It’s a new year and things are going well. Polar bears are thriving, in spite of all the “could go extinct” statements that the news loves to showcase. It has been colder in the northern hemisphere this winter, with snow falling in Greece, the Sahara desert and other places snow is not often seen. Europe is caught in a deep freeze, though the Scandinavian countries of the far north are above average in temperature (meaning they are not as cold as usual, not that they are actually warm). A storm system has made the Artic warmer than usual also. Over the last two years, snow has fallen in many unusual places. Perhaps this represents a return to a previous climate norm? Hard to say. The California drought has lessened and there are floods and many feet of snow. Quite often droughts do end with flooding. There’s probably a meteorological reason for this, which can be covered in a later post if the researching of this proves interesting and if the belief is true. Hurricanes and tornadoes are somewhat down in numbers also. Heat waves are reported to be “increasing” but one needs to recall that heat waves are arbitrary designations (the temperature needed to be considered as a heat wave and length of time spent at that temperature is just chosen, there's no formula or rules for the choosing). Their definitions can change at any time without need for a reason. In the past, 100°F/38°C days weren’t a big deal. People lived without air conditioning and worked outside in the heat. Many places still exist where this is true. People adapt well. </div>
<div style="color: #7b219f; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 24px; line-height: normal; min-height: 33px;">
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There was, of course, the “hottest year ever” title most probably being awarded to 2016, depending on which source you go with (some places may already be making that claim). Calculating the Global Average Temperature is more of an art than science. In fact, at this point, climate science seems to have hidden the actual value of the Global Average Temperature and just goes with anomalies (anomalies are the amount of difference from an average or a set number) using a value they apparently don’t want to share. Not really science when it’s done that way. If one is to worry about the climate and how it’s changing, we need data and real numbers, not changes from an unknown value. For now, keep in mind that the changes are relatively small from year to year. Some year changes are under .1°. Hardly enough to notice. Yes, it’s “warmer”, but it’s not “hot” by any stretch of the imagination. The point is, with a statistical analysis, one can often prove anything. Statistics are not reality in the usual sense—they are a mathematical look at the probability of something happening, not a look at the future itself. There’s no need to panic—we’re not headed for runaway warming, nor are the oceans rising quickly, extreme weather increasing, and so forth.</div>
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The climate is doing just fine. The new year is looking good. Enjoy.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHugJd-AR2QKWjGH_dNPSvBdc-niZztR_jlIugreN3v4JDWSU07PfHscdX8EzkfW6sDCECpasVXB0N07sPTOPdedwFOXRagUqKe9_OsckdFhhyjynv5NC1fYCKzLFcZclKfeTAyb8B98w/s1600/DSCN9290.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHugJd-AR2QKWjGH_dNPSvBdc-niZztR_jlIugreN3v4JDWSU07PfHscdX8EzkfW6sDCECpasVXB0N07sPTOPdedwFOXRagUqKe9_OsckdFhhyjynv5NC1fYCKzLFcZclKfeTAyb8B98w/s400/DSCN9290.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pronghorn antelope in my yard</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMWSV_cnPsw9ZzopHPBsED41_2LW63VEhK5k66Ig4I68MI1KN6bOY43IGshvcaFUOh3axqf0tZd_Oswy-uI_hIOlPzJ3USDJX33whmFxeiBQdGicc4oRr7ZHWLBGyMA87c3rSYTmmNxo/s1600/DSCN9151.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJMWSV_cnPsw9ZzopHPBsED41_2LW63VEhK5k66Ig4I68MI1KN6bOY43IGshvcaFUOh3axqf0tZd_Oswy-uI_hIOlPzJ3USDJX33whmFxeiBQdGicc4oRr7ZHWLBGyMA87c3rSYTmmNxo/s400/DSCN9151.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mule deer buck scratching an itch!</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtD2QrcC_mRB_utSUMNyRmJQc8tbdEswGCzQUGaAXaLdVh3lJxpdl1ZKkcbyOl96-nQV5hERT4Qn5FykZtjnmxGlEBx0LakJiFdqNARHJl5XC6lobXTfbXRsGSCDJM1Q8X-ghPwKlHIo/s1600/DSCN9219.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBtD2QrcC_mRB_utSUMNyRmJQc8tbdEswGCzQUGaAXaLdVh3lJxpdl1ZKkcbyOl96-nQV5hERT4Qn5FykZtjnmxGlEBx0LakJiFdqNARHJl5XC6lobXTfbXRsGSCDJM1Q8X-ghPwKlHIo/s400/DSCN9219.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Snow blowing—it's called a ground blizzard<br />No snow is actually falling from the sky, it's just blowing around</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTt_R9rI-SrrRq1zQ8iPWInhJfCw3GSkmKJt4H98iyWgEL-PvdmBPp4agGHgbnheRFMCpYfUEclltXGsUvL2ZRwBXeVaUZxRHy4PxIDZPDfscuan00J7Kpku5qYDEhF-MdQaUgAQc-1o/s1600/DSCN9208.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTt_R9rI-SrrRq1zQ8iPWInhJfCw3GSkmKJt4H98iyWgEL-PvdmBPp4agGHgbnheRFMCpYfUEclltXGsUvL2ZRwBXeVaUZxRHy4PxIDZPDfscuan00J7Kpku5qYDEhF-MdQaUgAQc-1o/s400/DSCN9208.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ground blizzard—There's a lot of wind in this area much of the winter</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5TNgWluqS2rlFUYJP1kPBfBpuTocPxXHAP28gbJIbFaDxKMr7MYSTm80BWvuO3jxathEqM-tlmYubrlRLZnufPl_pPDpTTjju9acE8W-ekaZDNZSPzvBmT3Ma323-APc7NnHXP0JCZs/s1600/DSCN8853.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO5TNgWluqS2rlFUYJP1kPBfBpuTocPxXHAP28gbJIbFaDxKMr7MYSTm80BWvuO3jxathEqM-tlmYubrlRLZnufPl_pPDpTTjju9acE8W-ekaZDNZSPzvBmT3Ma323-APc7NnHXP0JCZs/s400/DSCN8853.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wild turkey looking at school bus driver<br />This turkey actually lives in town, wonders through the yards and streets</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUG58TxUEqWEDeilWeTf-n9ka40OtQbwOwbbuxCxH_36e2KuMWuhc8araTQw8WUmlkUItx5RFA9GI4NFS9CslwMRkt801e1KrBNLPPlif89bUJ7JS3ez0kuMofOtBJanY_jnvbOOAG4lY/s1600/DSCN9191.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUG58TxUEqWEDeilWeTf-n9ka40OtQbwOwbbuxCxH_36e2KuMWuhc8araTQw8WUmlkUItx5RFA9GI4NFS9CslwMRkt801e1KrBNLPPlif89bUJ7JS3ez0kuMofOtBJanY_jnvbOOAG4lY/s400/DSCN9191.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Three doe mule deer riding out the snow storm in the sage brush</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifzgx41dd6ayn4xnQYFYnyCRX3l0x6vbzTUFZBUOGs6rxkCk_mhEUQj5fFe3mSZNmB20gNwjSTaT2YZOOjs03PyJZDN8X898i4dD-wgeYAhJBb16itd8U8c788V3e5DSVW5Cl_xUs8ai0/s1600/DSCN9059.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifzgx41dd6ayn4xnQYFYnyCRX3l0x6vbzTUFZBUOGs6rxkCk_mhEUQj5fFe3mSZNmB20gNwjSTaT2YZOOjs03PyJZDN8X898i4dD-wgeYAhJBb16itd8U8c788V3e5DSVW5Cl_xUs8ai0/s400/DSCN9059.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frost on a window—it always makes interesting patterns<br />It's on the outside of the window, of course.</td></tr>
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Watching weather and nature is quite fascinating. I recommend getting out and learning about critters and weather to everyone. Don’t just read about it, experience it!</div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-35606275472463505832016-05-22T15:10:00.000-07:002016-05-22T15:11:21.444-07:00We're doing fine<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">There
are some things about climate that need to be addressed.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">In
the United States, there is a children's entertainer pushing a
doomsday outcome for global warming. He has gone so far as to call
for jailing anyone who disagrees. Pretty harsh for a children's
entertainer, I know. Other people have been calling for similar
measures, such as investigating oil companies to "prove"
they knew about global warming and did nothing. What does all of
this mean? First, this is NOT science in any fashion. Scientists
seek knowledge. They test theories, they do experiments, then the
information is presented to the public. The public is then free to
agree or disagree, as can other scientists. If other scientists
question a discovery, that's fine. If someone can prove the theory
wrong, then a new theory is required. Scientists don't jail people
who disagree. The public and politicians who don't understand
science, don't care, or have an agenda to push are the ones who
behave aggressively, trying to silence all differing ideas.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjXrCxMbeJxeXsdZHxZj_EnTTPZINYNAtcV2JPtFOfzLyabXbJYuItLeAvzZf7MSOCxGN7Hv03tYt8PN1YddmnTMJs6WQjrAS3v0KU5TcaYW4zOKCNGfP-Eui6bSVOep9pOfxgxC2PDPc/s1600/DSCN7388.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjXrCxMbeJxeXsdZHxZj_EnTTPZINYNAtcV2JPtFOfzLyabXbJYuItLeAvzZf7MSOCxGN7Hv03tYt8PN1YddmnTMJs6WQjrAS3v0KU5TcaYW4zOKCNGfP-Eui6bSVOep9pOfxgxC2PDPc/s320/DSCN7388.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Has
climate changed? Of course--everything changes. Did humans
contribute? Everything on the planet affects climate to some degree
or another. The question is how much. People who believe that
global warming is bad think it's a large amount. They constantly
repeat the "hottest year ever" claim, thinking that a hot
year proves humans did this. It does not. Not in any way. Reporting
a record in temperature says nothing about the cause of that record.
It's just a record, based on whatever data is being used. It's the
largest or highest number in the series. </span></span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1e90rmZyDlZn02NCCnbBV9RXaPxiqfuGxsz44tYVkSS_ik9OZwAQ8hg9spvX33uaRIAHL4SeSgfFNrdZwqGvQFZk2VuMe4tNeqZq2isO3ZlmwxIjmiWPkL0y9R4KIxmHm50Jg1sZe96E/s1600/img681.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1e90rmZyDlZn02NCCnbBV9RXaPxiqfuGxsz44tYVkSS_ik9OZwAQ8hg9spvX33uaRIAHL4SeSgfFNrdZwqGvQFZk2VuMe4tNeqZq2isO3ZlmwxIjmiWPkL0y9R4KIxmHm50Jg1sZe96E/s320/img681.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">What
about "extreme weather"? There have been fewer hurricanes
and tornadoes than in the past. Wildfires are affected by many
things--wind, fuel, location, wind, etc. If people leave a lot of
dead underbrush, etc, there's plenty of fuel. Building among trees
increases the chances of the home being burned if there's a fire.
Sometimes, nothing can be done. Fire is a part of a nature and
humans do not control nature, only their reactions to it. Same for
floods--where homes are built, whether rivers are dredged, etc all
have a large influence on flooding. Flash flooding is not as
affected by such things, but there are still actions that can be
taken to reduce the impact of flash floods. Heavy rains can't be
controlled, of course, and have always been a cause of flash floods.
Rain levels vary from year to year but no real increase has been seen
in the levels. That is not to say there are not more floods in some
places, fewer in others. That is how weather works and heavy rain is
weather, not climate. There is evidence that precipitation is not
increasing when averaged over the globe, though it's very difficult
to get sufficient data to know for certain. </span></span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYyAYMyUREwtyCdit-XCe-8yf32roJUbSwUArkQk21vEh74k9Nvp1I2qjtVS9K7YG6gnVjliQXBzU0n_9yAFucsdw3nVzA8fRPzcH_uPWxUZcW8A1MxyQhbvrvTtf_02sUR8ssBjpglnw/s1600/lightening3_edited.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYyAYMyUREwtyCdit-XCe-8yf32roJUbSwUArkQk21vEh74k9Nvp1I2qjtVS9K7YG6gnVjliQXBzU0n_9yAFucsdw3nVzA8fRPzcH_uPWxUZcW8A1MxyQhbvrvTtf_02sUR8ssBjpglnw/s320/lightening3_edited.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">All
of these weather phenomena are scary. However, they are a part of
nature and always have been. People in developed countries do have
an advantage--instead of throwing buckets of water on a fire, these
countries have fire trucks, high pressure water lines, telephones,
etc that really help in fighting fires. Fossil fuels made this
possible. Same for having hospitals to treat the injured, and having
helicopters and ambulances to transport people who are injured to
those hospitals. Without fossil fuels, probably none of this would
have happened. For hundreds of years, people died due to long
distances from help, poor sanitation, etc. Reliable, 24/7 energy
changed all of that. Who wants to go back to the "old days"
with shorter lives and struggling to survive?</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></span></span>
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<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: 22pt;">The
earth we live on is doing fine and so are humans. There's no reason
to drastically change how we live, for the worse especially. Fossil
fuels have made life better and the claim these can cause CAGW really
doesn't hold up when one considers the evidence. Keeping the planet
as clean as possible is a laudable practice. However, there is no
reason to fear modern life.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: "hannotate sc";"><span style="font-size: 22pt;"><br /></span></span></span>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-80608830588102588802016-04-14T09:04:00.003-07:002016-04-14T09:05:41.987-07:00Enjoying the weather and the climate<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4700b8;"><span style="font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">It
has been an unusual year so far in the United States. It has been
80F/27C degrees (average this time of year is 64F/18C) on the West
coast and snowing like mad on the East coast. Season openers for baseball games have been postponed due to snow on the field. People
are asking "When will winter be over?" In Wyoming, this is
a typical spring occurrence--barbecuing in 60F degree weather and
then 12 inches of snow the next day. The rest of the United States
is not as well adapted, it seems. Wyoming also has very strong
winds--70 mph gusts with 35 mph sustained winds much of the time.
The East coast is experiencing these this year and the news is making
a huge deal out of it.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickQTyy4izAsx1HKbRwyTbrHlr-ltMdKkcTMKn9aRMB07ArkrfBWFjx6U6LPG1HemLGjprqR9saNeJm5Azo3J70NbKMIfgDs1lxXsHKI8GF1yWENmSax0kKXzU_Ly4nEjoKnEGx9J8qPM/s1600/DSCN0117.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEickQTyy4izAsx1HKbRwyTbrHlr-ltMdKkcTMKn9aRMB07ArkrfBWFjx6U6LPG1HemLGjprqR9saNeJm5Azo3J70NbKMIfgDs1lxXsHKI8GF1yWENmSax0kKXzU_Ly4nEjoKnEGx9J8qPM/s400/DSCN0117.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIa8ja7T26tqraa1tQBUXv5zro6TwI7cR85C2RYO_YjPpQIaiZ0mPv_9jR59ts_VCi06ZzSKOA4v7IC29CtEoF6vchAWasZrjuOzkSf79XTOeAt9ycyNy4wVzPIgZw_EJBbRiD1nTS2d4/s1600/DSCN0134.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIa8ja7T26tqraa1tQBUXv5zro6TwI7cR85C2RYO_YjPpQIaiZ0mPv_9jR59ts_VCi06ZzSKOA4v7IC29CtEoF6vchAWasZrjuOzkSf79XTOeAt9ycyNy4wVzPIgZw_EJBbRiD1nTS2d4/s320/DSCN0134.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="color: #4700b8; font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">Why
am I telling you about this? Often there are scary news articles
about global warming and what "may" happen. People have
already adapted to many different climates. As I noted, high wind
and rapid temperature changes are common in some places and people
adapt. There are people living in very cold areas , very hot areas
and everything in between. Humans are extremely adaptable, in spite
of the news people trying to convince people disaster awaits
humanity.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz0SjekDWHVLktIbntJkJr0jKslSqoZE_GeBQo52oxXJUslFmCLTVJv9H9iQY4ZqSNu7Pyv-Q9fSkrcRkLIAqos3uTk8c5n8AkSNgzQSRhwA7IRU2b_SSrvjJnQb1Alu0NnGCCWEYzpNU/s1600/azroad.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz0SjekDWHVLktIbntJkJr0jKslSqoZE_GeBQo52oxXJUslFmCLTVJv9H9iQY4ZqSNu7Pyv-Q9fSkrcRkLIAqos3uTk8c5n8AkSNgzQSRhwA7IRU2b_SSrvjJnQb1Alu0NnGCCWEYzpNU/s400/azroad.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hot and dry climate</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZQDmn02ijMH9PrwhNbhGxiso80_JPTdHIgeKMxz_OzUXgIBRyGis7n1bAkhnT96yAabJ-ZyN1xsJWv0LCqNJsXJVaPzAwFRcm6CZEsCLdvARFW9Xh7TYwEWjTyDqi-qCpIqgvUR5_OR0/s1600/100_1334.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZQDmn02ijMH9PrwhNbhGxiso80_JPTdHIgeKMxz_OzUXgIBRyGis7n1bAkhnT96yAabJ-ZyN1xsJWv0LCqNJsXJVaPzAwFRcm6CZEsCLdvARFW9Xh7TYwEWjTyDqi-qCpIqgvUR5_OR0/s400/100_1334.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wind, wind everywhere!</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4K4LPokZNe6H9Y34Gy45ZvID-Wruof4VMhjqChKAayoWDp7uc3uReCGJwPqdhXq9jg8YeVZZ5r76BWYdMBsbxTsCTlXMOweJpHH6QxDIpWB3gEysWhdS1BoSbegQBf9aXvrKgjRYkz7k/s1600/azwendy1992c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4K4LPokZNe6H9Y34Gy45ZvID-Wruof4VMhjqChKAayoWDp7uc3uReCGJwPqdhXq9jg8YeVZZ5r76BWYdMBsbxTsCTlXMOweJpHH6QxDIpWB3gEysWhdS1BoSbegQBf9aXvrKgjRYkz7k/s400/azwendy1992c.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Palm trees and warm climate</td></tr>
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<span style="color: #4700b8; font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">Is the world warming up? In some places, yes. Others, no. Has this happened before? Yes, and before humans even existed. Sometimes much faster than now. Can humans adapt? All the evidence says they can. Claims that disasters "may" happen aren't scientific, they're more political or wild guesses. For some reason, politicians and others seem to like making people afraid. Maybe so they can "save" us from disasters, which is what they are saying they are doing with global warming. </span></div>
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<span style="color: #4700b8; font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">Are
they trying to save us? Not one can tell what will happen in the
future-- not a scientist, not a psychic, not a politician. There is
no way to know what the world will be like in say 2100 or even 2050.
New ideas and new technologies will come into play as has been true
through all of history. People are very clever and adaptable.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #4700b8;"><span style="font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">How
should we be dealing with Earth's various climates (remember, climate
applies to small areas, not the globe. The overall average
temperatures of hundreds of different areas is what a has been
increasing. It is not a "real" temperature, but rather a
statistical calculation)? The same way we always have, by building
homes that can withstand the weather, improving heating and cooling,
improving food production. This is what people did after the Little
Ice age destroyed so much of their crops. Today, countries grow a
variety of crops to protect against loss of an entire food source due
to weather/climate changes. It's a proven way to deal with an
unknown future.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #4700b8;"><span style="font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: large;">People
are very, very adaptable and can handle any changes in the climate if
they so chose. The climate is not something to fear, but rather to
live with and enjoy. </span></span>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-82489407111464670252015-12-09T11:21:00.001-08:002015-12-09T11:21:10.814-08:00Happy Holidays, no doom and gloom<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>Tis the time of the season when those who hand out gloom and doom are writing frightening stories about Santa and his reindeer drowning at the North Pole due to global warming. This is very dishonest and mean. First, anyone who can fly around the world and deliver presents in 24 hours is certainly not going to drown if the ice at the North Pole melts. Think about it. Flying reindeer, sled. Load up and leave. The ice in Antarctica is expanding. Move to the South Pole. Easy.</i></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>Second, the ice is not melting at a rapid rate at the North Pole. November 2015, there was 3.88 million square miles of ice at the North Pole (This is a mathematical calculation. There is no way to directly measure the ice.) This is 351,000 square miles below the average for 1981-2010. That calculates out to 9%. There is 91% of the average sea ice still sitting there at the North Pole. Santa is perfectly safe. </i></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>As of late, there has been much gloom and doom about the climate. In reality, there have been fewer hurricanes, fewer tornadoes and the ones that have hit are not stronger than those in the past. Droughts and floods are occurring at about the same rate as any time in the recent past. There is nothing humans can do to change this. All these weather phenomena have many causes that are not well understood at this time. It is most important to work on better detection of hurricanes and tornadoes and building so the storms don't cause so much damage. Droughts can not be avoided entirely, but wise use of water can help (Turning off the water when you brush your teeth is not enough to do much good, however. We need to think about large users of water, including watering lawns, washing cars, etc. How important is a green yard? How important is a clean car, unless you live where the roads are salted in the winter?). Floods can be controlled partially through dams and clearing river channels. Damage is reduced by not living on flood plains. The impact of heat waves on humans is reduced with air conditioning. We can adapt to some degree to all of these extreme weather events. What we cannot do is control them.</i></span><br />
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><i>This holiday season, rest easy and enjoy the holidays. The climate is just fine.</i></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYlXga1ZK68ewG_vbaL5K1uKA6HZXL1b3xenjG6lGAG6jrSFUfqMRugaiy_zUAe6yV3gTFdLxPak7CJHL_fwQRLy060HFYf3hS2yn770rW6GEJvA16jEi14T7i0arGXKf0xlk2HOGlbGo/s1600/worldcollage3.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYlXga1ZK68ewG_vbaL5K1uKA6HZXL1b3xenjG6lGAG6jrSFUfqMRugaiy_zUAe6yV3gTFdLxPak7CJHL_fwQRLy060HFYf3hS2yn770rW6GEJvA16jEi14T7i0arGXKf0xlk2HOGlbGo/s320/worldcollage3.jpg" width="320" /></a>TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-14429445276166165252015-09-04T13:26:00.000-07:002015-09-04T13:26:56.278-07:00Climate Change Answers<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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For a pdf copy of this, click here: <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxWgLIech8bKTlpfR3NaRTJZN0U/view?ths=true">Climate PDF</a></div>
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<br />TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-64543944393676676852015-04-21T14:17:00.000-07:002015-04-21T14:17:23.013-07:00Earth Day 2015<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>Earth Day 2015</b></div>
<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>We again enter the "celebration" of Earth Day, though celebration sometimes seems the wrong word, since most of the predictions are doom and gloom. Earth Day has become a way to make people feel guilty about actually living well on the planet. It seems people should not be enjoying their life on this remarkable planet because somehow we "hurt" the earth by doing so.</b></div>
<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>For Earth Day 2015, give thanks for a planet that has enough resources to support billions of human beings, along with many other animals and living creatures. Some species come and go, but that is how it has always been. We are living in a dynamic system that changes over and over as we and the rest of the planet adapt to those changes.</b></div>
<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>Don't buy into the idea that there is more extreme weather or that things are changing faster than ever before. Some people push this as science, but the truth is, most "extreme" weather events are actually decreasing. You hear tornado warnings, etc, all summer long on the news. Just as I did as child growing up in the Midwest. Some summers we spent a lot of time in the basement due to tornado warnings. It's just a part of life. It's not new, it's not worse, it's as it always has been. People have developed early warnings for these tornados, cutting deaths and injuries to incredible lows. We should celebrate that our weather radar can help us stay safe from what nature has always sent our way.</b></div>
<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>The Earth is just fine. Humans have their share of problems, but climate change is not among the serious problems facing mankind. No matter what our leaders may be saying. Humans can deal with climate changes very well. The changes are not threats. They are just reality--the way the world has always been. </b></div>
<br />
<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b>Celebrate Earth Day and the beautiful planet we live on and look for the wonders of the planet. </b></div>
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<div style="color: #372192; font-family: Chalkboard; font-size: 24px; margin-bottom: 18px;">
<b><br /></b></div>
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TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-72919988995005773632015-02-18T09:57:00.001-08:002015-02-18T10:01:51.712-08:00Snow is not a thing of the past<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f; font-family: 'Marker Felt'; font-size: x-large;">David
Viner (a climate scientist), in 2009, said children aren't going to know what snow is.
Fortunately, this has not proven to be true. There is plenty of snow
all over the planet. Buffalo, New York (USA) got 8 feet (2.4 meters)
of snow. The East Coast of the US has been buried by snow this year,
plus very cold temperatures.</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt; font-size: x-large;"><br />Many
places have seen snow that have not seen snow in many, many years:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt; font-size: x-large;">In
August 2014, Scotland was expecting snow. The temperature was
dipping near freezing. The last time it what this cold was 1919.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt; font-size: x-large;">In
August of the same year, Peru was buried under snow. The Atacama
Desert in Chile saw the most snowfall the area had seen in three
decades.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt;">In
December 2013, there was snow in Cairo, where they had not had snow
in over 100 years. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRo9uibBhGgJXSk20WFSziX4AlwyTnYVsWWRJEqokmQUr1RQqa8ZBb32xtKBLm71OaPhntl7TZTb9XF1bewlmRfWY0n94aLZMgpqUWj7pUPQ9AhY9Io-P3bG0gbRx9tVsiT0IHPqCNMTs/s1600/july01four.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRo9uibBhGgJXSk20WFSziX4AlwyTnYVsWWRJEqokmQUr1RQqa8ZBb32xtKBLm71OaPhntl7TZTb9XF1bewlmRfWY0n94aLZMgpqUWj7pUPQ9AhY9Io-P3bG0gbRx9tVsiT0IHPqCNMTs/s1600/july01four.jpg" height="262" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shovel ready!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTL5CIshR_hmaXEuqTkjEc32qXiwaEmDRWNbH1dPIs9JIzDnBvdH-pAv9wOUSfTMaWg_jhvyJhvlxGj6GkKU2CNEVSL_j9eOW6SNYDDDf-GznDk3IvKB2C27OiaEQlExLMcMcUq6vWOD0/s1600/lostfive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTL5CIshR_hmaXEuqTkjEc32qXiwaEmDRWNbH1dPIs9JIzDnBvdH-pAv9wOUSfTMaWg_jhvyJhvlxGj6GkKU2CNEVSL_j9eOW6SNYDDDf-GznDk3IvKB2C27OiaEQlExLMcMcUq6vWOD0/s1600/lostfive.jpg" height="253" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">No picnicing for a bit</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHt6dIL41JQOA989MhPSO_j6lKakGGXaLtlCR_jp6DPiY-CMfBIxQIVX4UhhjUK4ZFW7TkRCEUcT6ZcJ5-9eBiw6W_ml1HIfc-hh1o0POPsJ2j38DnyprAgLlar6aQS8qYI9O-jUgreSE/s1600/scan0135.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHt6dIL41JQOA989MhPSO_j6lKakGGXaLtlCR_jp6DPiY-CMfBIxQIVX4UhhjUK4ZFW7TkRCEUcT6ZcJ5-9eBiw6W_ml1HIfc-hh1o0POPsJ2j38DnyprAgLlar6aQS8qYI9O-jUgreSE/s1600/scan0135.jpg" height="400" width="277" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shovel ready too!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfSbTVVcSm5bM282IEjydnysKePHs0FFrcYJLrN8AYy6JXxIyyCkYszPOWWmwTxN3XhhyrpWPWgoY0k5AMNAdjRXOD7kh3b1VCD9t-UPGBP5HL4qFfZN_dzNqnXb1rkZdUOzUju3Bp7i4/s1600/sept98seventeen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfSbTVVcSm5bM282IEjydnysKePHs0FFrcYJLrN8AYy6JXxIyyCkYszPOWWmwTxN3XhhyrpWPWgoY0k5AMNAdjRXOD7kh3b1VCD9t-UPGBP5HL4qFfZN_dzNqnXb1rkZdUOzUju3Bp7i4/s1600/sept98seventeen.jpg" height="275" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fun in the snow!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #4b1f6f;"><span style="font-family: Marker Felt; font-size: x-large;">What
does this mean? It tells us that gloom and doom predictions can
certainly be wrong. Our planet has a very complex climate and it's
unlikely we humans have discovered the way climate works or how to
control it. We may believe we have, some may say they understand, but
then their predictions don't come true. Weather and climate are
still wonderfully unpredictable parts of nature. If you're lucky
enough to live where there is snow right now, make a snowman, go sledding--just
enjoy!</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-48713715289480490452015-01-23T10:39:00.001-08:002015-01-23T10:39:51.934-08:00The fun side of CO2<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhelx96PQG6Id46d47SHJK907OJow0FFaf6g_bl_RjU5aTaiZfUgsuIT1cdPejxemPpONUsElgozj26AJbToz4GkddRrgff0NJIDY6J7v6wmGBWnZOm3zK6a8B7S_Y3xXJ5X9NHoNE7IwI/s1600/DSCN7712.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
</a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;">CO</span><sub style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;">2 </sub><span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;">has a rather unique quality that I find
fascinating. It's called "sublimation". At room
temperature and far below, CO</span><sub style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;">2</sub><span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;"> goes from a solid to a gas
without a liquid stage. This is very different from water, which is
ice, water and steam. CO</span><sub style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;">2</sub><span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;"> is invisible, so you don't get
steam when it sublimates.</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;">There
is a liquid state for CO<sub>2</sub>. This exists between -78C
(-108F) and -57C (-71F). At higher pressures, the liquid state can
exist at higher temperatures. At 0F (-18C) and 300 psi, CO<sub>2
</sub>can be kept as a liquid. This is far more pressure than our
atmosphere has (that is between 14 and 15 psi). </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;">The
solid state of CO<sub>2</sub> is called "dry ice". It's
used for keeping things cold when regular refrigeration is not
available, such as coolers you take when camping or mailing frozen
items. You should not touch dry ice with your bare hand--it can
cause frostbite in a few seconds. If you hold it too long, you can
get severe frostbite with blisters. However, if you handle it with
thick gloves and not for very long, it's safe. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now
for what sublimation looks like:</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: #004a4a; font-family: Ayuthaya;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
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<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhelx96PQG6Id46d47SHJK907OJow0FFaf6g_bl_RjU5aTaiZfUgsuIT1cdPejxemPpONUsElgozj26AJbToz4GkddRrgff0NJIDY6J7v6wmGBWnZOm3zK6a8B7S_Y3xXJ5X9NHoNE7IwI/s1600/DSCN7712.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzl5Goyybxbz2jGTckMD9Qmnbh0rU7pyThRLkssGYJ7k5UlatkxDOggYBuGQnujMj9KPCYm1j1bYs7fhYuYKAmF4Jvepmkcu5fLfs-U5kzbdrX0chMWmai8967VPX0j18fIE9B4l3k5g/s1600/DSCN7714.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrzl5Goyybxbz2jGTckMD9Qmnbh0rU7pyThRLkssGYJ7k5UlatkxDOggYBuGQnujMj9KPCYm1j1bYs7fhYuYKAmF4Jvepmkcu5fLfs-U5kzbdrX0chMWmai8967VPX0j18fIE9B4l3k5g/s1600/DSCN7714.JPG" height="480" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #314004;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;"><br /></span></span><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya;">The
mist coming off the dry ice is not CO<sub>2 <span style="font-size: large;">(remember, no steam like water)</span></sub>. It's the very
cold sublimating CO<sub>2</sub> gas cooling the air around the
remaining dry ice and forming water vapor. This effect is used to
make mist for concerts and other presentations. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #004a4a;"><span style="font-family: Ayuthaya; font-size: large;">Watching
a frozen piece of dry ice just "disappear" without any
liquid is quite fun thing to watch. It shows us one of the more
unique physical reactions we have on earth.</span></span></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8237452404473797471.post-12118311369082151412015-01-22T10:32:00.000-08:002015-01-22T16:13:53.937-08:00What was that about "hottest year"?<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive; font-size: x-large;">When
scientists behave badly</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">Just
last week, many news outlets announced 2014 was the hottest year on
record. This was used to convince people global warming is real.
However, not even a week later, the NASA scientist who made the
statement then admitted that NASA is only 38% sure that this is true (note that this means they are 62% sure that it may not be the warmest year). Wait. Aren't scientists supposed to be honest and give out accurate
information? Yes, they are. Sadly, sometimes scientists do not
follow that rule. This is one case. The 2014 was basically tied with 2010 and
2005 for hottest.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">There is what is called a margin of error in these
calculations. Figuring the global average temperature is not like
measuring the temperature in your backyard. Thousands of numbers go
into the equation and not all weather stations are located where hot
buildings, etc. don't affect them. So the scientists "make
adjustments" for these things, meaning they change the value
based on what they believe the temperature would be without the
buildings, etc. These adjustments and the sheer volume of data makes
for a possibility of error in the final temperature reported. Even
more complicated, climate science does not deal with actual
temperatures, but the difference in the temperature calculated from a
baseline. If by now you have realized just how complicated this is,
you're on the right track.</span></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ2d85XfiN9G3-YO6cdqekvFemmLa9rQKMRNKYORNWhWAhXlwvdfOocpSIXP4Eah1NKzStjGKfh7K-5rD-Jh8ZN2D_yHyrQ4Ts_OJgHfjatur6-xNv-CSSLCw-W_Tm02mjZkyhHgxx-c4/s1600/site-image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ2d85XfiN9G3-YO6cdqekvFemmLa9rQKMRNKYORNWhWAhXlwvdfOocpSIXP4Eah1NKzStjGKfh7K-5rD-Jh8ZN2D_yHyrQ4Ts_OJgHfjatur6-xNv-CSSLCw-W_Tm02mjZkyhHgxx-c4/s1600/site-image.jpg" height="250" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Properly sited weather station</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRBZujFjmbj41lqiZoKVtmUKxqsPG8Mfgb__ez2ferHB__7DeDLfWc32wGKX7lWyx820xsiuOb6mOaLpegfVqSFq0gBtne-0IAPWgc8knC1JPMV_aWuiCboAe2xPWzipla_AGjPxCl3Q/s1600/Tucson-Arizona-Weather-Station.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcRBZujFjmbj41lqiZoKVtmUKxqsPG8Mfgb__ez2ferHB__7DeDLfWc32wGKX7lWyx820xsiuOb6mOaLpegfVqSFq0gBtne-0IAPWgc8knC1JPMV_aWuiCboAe2xPWzipla_AGjPxCl3Q/s1600/Tucson-Arizona-Weather-Station.png" height="290" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reading will be too hot</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoqG3g6wUTmNgyR2G42lLxo3MaryzXD2Jo6ezWBmpnlF8bZPNBwluiTPEgME7EsdOGwwCz2ZJ5mzYk6Lr-XDUlSN5OQq2Gpe-GS63EqH7zkx1iH3Ergn2TD01ZvsuQryPd2cOBRId_RiQ/s1600/weather-stations-LaTrobe-Victoria-Melbourne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoqG3g6wUTmNgyR2G42lLxo3MaryzXD2Jo6ezWBmpnlF8bZPNBwluiTPEgME7EsdOGwwCz2ZJ5mzYk6Lr-XDUlSN5OQq2Gpe-GS63EqH7zkx1iH3Ergn2TD01ZvsuQryPd2cOBRId_RiQ/s1600/weather-stations-LaTrobe-Victoria-Melbourne.jpg" height="272" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Readings will be too hot</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">The
pictures show the difference in placement of thermometers. Next to
buildings, etc, will read hotter than the actual air temperature
because of the heat coming off the pavement. This makes things look
much hotter than they actually are. It also makes nighttime
temperatures read higher because the pavement gives off</span></span>
</span></div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">heat
all night.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive; font-size: x-large;">Then
there's the leveling off of temperatures:</span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">In
spite of all the talk of "hottest" year ever, part of the
problem is the last ten to 15 years have not really gotten much
hotter. The difference is sometimes as small as .02 degrees.
Considering how difficult it is to get accurate temperatures, the
difference could just be due to the way we measure. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">There
are measurements made by satellites that cover the globe much better.
These measurements show the average temperature of the earth is
actually staying quite level. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">To get an idea of how this "hottest year", but not really, works,
consider this example:</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Your
parents give you an allowance of $10 per week. </span></span>
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">Four
weeks ago, on your way home from school, you found a penny on the
sidewalk, so that week you had $10.01.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">Three
weeks ago, you found two pennies on the sidewalk, so you had $10.02</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">Two
weeks ago, you found no pennies, so you had $10.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">Last
week, you found three pennies on the sidewalk, so you had $10.03.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Now,
we can truthfully say last week you had the most money so far. We
can also say weeks four and three were above "average", if
we consider the $10 the average. Do you really see the weeks you
found the pennies on the sidewalk as being above average or that you
were richer that week? The difference is very, very small indeed.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;">Here's another way to look at the "increase in temperatures" over the past century: </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><br /></span></span></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-Vz_8WOMivLoxesYUBDFY-LYxcLBDF-hHwcmC70fwLGZptr_9ItjTLFkk0xOm4luABSy2tbOF97xlLes-nnrpVqAhclPB9DnD26nafCiB0xjWAeWig3lr-ELq_7hdVI_pFRI9kMkfSI/s1600/image_thumb265.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5-Vz_8WOMivLoxesYUBDFY-LYxcLBDF-hHwcmC70fwLGZptr_9ItjTLFkk0xOm4luABSy2tbOF97xlLes-nnrpVqAhclPB9DnD26nafCiB0xjWAeWig3lr-ELq_7hdVI_pFRI9kMkfSI/s1600/image_thumb265.png" height="292" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: large;">This is what the average global temperature looks like, in degrees fahrenheit, when you graph the actual temperatures and not the difference from the average. Also, the differences from the average (the </span><span style="color: #006b6b; font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive; font-size: large;">anomalies) are graphed in tenths of a degree, making the differences look very large to anyone looking at the graph.</span><br />
<span style="color: #006b6b; font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">That's
how the "hottest" years have been working. The difference
is very tiny--tiny enough to mean we don't know which is the hottest
year and it really doesn't matter because there is such a small
difference.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
temperatures have leveled off for now. </span></span></span>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;">This is very good news. Things are not getting hotter and hotter after all.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #006b6b;"><span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS, cursive; font-size: x-small;">(Photos from NASA and Creative Commons, graph from suyts.wordpress.com)</span></span></div>
TAChttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04329526402641112292noreply@blogger.com0